「境界」與「再現」的現代發現――以王國維與梁啟超的比較為中心

Modern Discoveries of Jingjie and Representation: Focusing on Wang Guowei and Liang Qichao in Comparative Perspective

王國維（1877-1927）在《人間詞話》中提出膾炙人口的「境界說」，梁啟超（1873-1929）以發動晚清文學革命著稱於文學史，也有不少「境界」論述，卻未得到關注。兩人的「境界」論述與柏拉圖（Plato，427-347BC）的「摹仿」論或和亞里士多德（Aristotle，384-322BC）的「再現」論遭遇，涉及文藝創作及批評的基本原則，對現代文學「寫實主義」的形成具深刻意義。王國維演繹康德哲學，梁啟超依據佛學，各自「境界」論背後有著傳統思想資源的支撐，在晚清文論中別具姿態與景觀，而兩人回應現代挑戰的不同取徑及其在現代的接受在今天也不無啟示。

In modern Chinese literary history, Wang Guowei (1877-1927) advocates a theory of Jingjie境界(visionary boundaries) in his famous book Renjian cihua (Poetics of Human Realm). Well known for late Qing literary revolutions under his leadership, Liang Qichao (1873-1929) also enunciates the term Jingjie, which has rarely been discussed. Both Jingjie discourses theoretically connect Plato (427-347BC)’s“mimesis”and Aristotle (384-322BC)’s“representation,”articulating fundamental principles of literary creation and criticism and critically shaping the trends of realism in modern Chinese literature. While Wang creates jingjie by appropriating Kant’s philosophy, Liang discovers it through Buddhism, each backed by traditional cultural resources. In analysis of their Jingjie theories in comparison, this paper attempts to complicate the formation of late Qing literary discourses as well as raise questions about their different acceptances in modern China.