論外國國際商事法庭判決在我國的承認

Recognition of Foreign Commercial Judgments in China

國際商事法庭，是晚近興起的特殊的國內審判組織。國際商事法庭及其訴訟，具有國際商事仲裁（庭）的自治性和國際性的特點和優勢。與此同時，缺乏類似《紐約公約》（1958）的多邊民商事協助條約，以切實保障國際商事法庭判決在世界範圍內的承認與執行，則是當前國際商事法庭及其訴訟面臨的重大（制度）挑戰。首先，我國現行國際民商事司法協助機制，尤其是（事實）互惠原則和實際聯繫原則，無法滿足和保障國際商事訴訟的自治性和國際性特點。批准《選擇法院協議公約》，是解決我國承認外國國際商事法庭判決的最佳方案。其次，與外國國際商事法庭簽署多邊或雙邊相互承認和執行判決指南，可作為批准《選擇法院協議公約》前的過渡方案，或替代方案。再次，若堅持我國國際民商事司法協助機制現狀不變，則可研究國際商事法庭判決裁決化辦法的可行性，以便我國國際商事法庭判決在境外被承認和執行。

The newly born international commercial tribunals are special domestic or national tribunals. International commercial litigation, like international commercial arbi-tration, is of international character and respect for parties’ will. However, there is no commercial judicial assistance treaty similar to the New York Convention 1958 that would safeguard the cross-border recognition and enforcement of international commercial judg-ments, which is a biggest challenge against international commercial litigation. China’s civil judicial assistance system, in particular, the principles of de facto reciprocity and of substantial relationship, leading to non-recognition of vast majority of foreign civil and commercial judgments, would be a backlash against international commercial litigation. It’s suggested that the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements, the multilateral or bilateral memorandum of guidance on mutual recognition and enforcement of commercial judgments, or the transference of commercial judgments into arbitral awards, might help with the recognition of foreign commercial judgments in China.