情理與聖意之間：中國傳統法非規則型反思

Between Reason and Emperor’s Will: Reconsidering on the Irregularity of Chinese Traditional Law

何為中國傳統法？寺田浩明提出“非規則型法”理論，認為“州縣自理案”和“命盜重案”的審理依據“情理”或“情法之平”原理，而律例僅是皇帝官僚共同體內部審理案件的“參考標準”。實際上，中國傳統禮法秩序是由皇帝支配的官僚體制利用情、禮、法三套規範體系在相互協調共同作用下形成的。“非規則型法”理論過于突出了情理在案件審理中的作用，從而忽視了聖意和律例的主導地位。其情理與法的同質性，律例與個案判決并列于情理之下的理論構想并不符合傳統中國的社會實際。但“非規則型”概念概括出了中國傳統法獨特的制度化模式。

What is Chinese traditional law’s characteristics? Japanese scholar Haom-ing Ikeda puts forward the theory of “irregular law”. He considers that the trail of “self-handling cases by prefectures and counties” and “serious cases of life-robbery”is based on the principle of “reason” or “balance of sense and law”, while the law is only the “refer-ence standard” for the trial of cases within the emperor’s bureaucratic community. In fact, the Chinese traditional etiquette and law order is formed by the coordination of the three normative systems of affection, etiquette and law under the control of the emperor. Sense, reason and law have their own systems. They guide human feeling with natural principles and enforce natural principle with national laws. The trial of self-handled cases in prefec-tures and counties is mainly based on the laws decided by the present emperor’s will. The theory of “irregular law” overemphasizes the role of reason in the trial of cases, thus igno-ring the dominant position of emperor’s will and laws. However, the concept of “irregular law” does generalize the unique institutionalized mode of Chinese traditional law.