宋人詠寫王荊公之主題形象與修辭探論

On the Themes, Images, and Styles of Song People’s Writings about Sir Wang Jing

歷代評價王荊公，兼有毀譽，尤以史傳、筆記、小說最多，建構起荊公立體形象。然而，詩歌亦屬王荊公故事詠寫系統主要體裁之一，至今無專文探討。本文借用詠史懷古詩之研究方法，觀察詩人對荊公之人物論定，回到形象聚訟之始，勾勒宋詩中之荊公形象與主體。可以發現詩中呈現宰相忠業及宋亡罪人之迥異面向。其次，歸納分析詠寫荊公之慣用素材與主題思想，如營造挽歌氛圍與世態炎涼之感慨；速寫讀書堂與嘲弄新學；關注書畫題詠與追慕風神等，最後探討宋人詠寫荊公之詩學設計，一則見詩人慣以一多對立及時空伸縮為篇章構思，有助興發感慨；二則融入荊公詩字句，翻新原典，借彼抒己。總此，讓荊公形象顯影在宋詩上，為荊公之歷史評騭提供初始依據。

 

The evaluations of past generations on Sir Wang Jing, mostly in historical biographies, jottings, and short stories, lead to both positive and negative comments and have established a three-dimensional image of Sir Jing. However, there is yet no monograph on poetry, which is also one of the important genres in the writing system of stories about Sir Wang Jing. This article attempts to explore the discussions of figures in history-themed poems and to return to the beginning of the arguments on Sir Jing’s image and depict the image of him portrayed in Song poems. First, it discovers the polarized identity, as a prime minister with loyalty or a guilty person causing the ruin of the Song dynasty. Second, it organizes and analyzes the common materials and theme thoughts in writings about Sir Jing, such as creating atmosphere of elegies around tombs and shrines and fickleness of the world, sketching the reading hall and mocking new learning, and paying attention to inscriptions of calligraphic works and paintings and admiration for the past manner. Finally, it probes into the rhetoric of Song people’s writings about Sir Jing. For example, the structure design of opposition between one and many and expansion and contraction of time-space helps to highlight the effect of sighs with emotions. To give another example, the adjusted use of the words of Sir Jing’s poems adds new meanings to their original meanings. To sum up, this article exhibits vividly on paper the Sir Jing in Song poems and provides a reference for studies on the image of Sir Wang Jing shaped by history.