以發聲練習和聲調覺識為主的音樂訓練對聽覺障礙兒童國語聲調清晰度之成效研究

The Effect of Music Training on Mandarin Tone Intelligibility for Children with Hearing Impairments

本研究旨在探討以發聲練習和聲調覺識為主要設計理念的音樂訓練對聽覺障礙兒童國語聲調清晰度教學之成效。本研究採單一受試ABA'實驗設計(single-subject A-B-A' design)，分基準線、實驗介入、及保留三個階段，以中華民國婦聯聽障文教基金會的三名聽覺障礙兒童為研究對象。訓練活動由研究者與領有專業證照的音樂治療師及語言治療師，依據發聲練習、聲調覺識與音樂治療的理論內涵設計而成，總共進行十次。研究結果以受試者在「國小低年級聽覺障礙兒童國語語詞聲調清晰度評量表」之人耳聽知覺得分資料，進行目視分析與T 考驗，另使用PRAAT 軟體進行語音聲學分析，再輔以教學觀察記錄的質性資料解釋過程與結果。綜合本研究結果發現：（1）以人耳聽知覺評分的資料分析，發聲練習和聲調覺識為主的音樂訓練，對聽覺障礙兒童國語聲調清晰度的表現有立即的提升成效；（2）經由電腦語音聲學分析，三位聽覺障礙兒童在音樂訓練介入之後，國語聲調音長、基頻音高及曲線模式皆有顯著的改善成效；（3）在實驗教學介入結束後，於保留階段持續追蹤兩個星期，三位聽覺障礙兒童之國語聲調清晰度的表現上，均有顯著的保留成效。

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of one form of music training, based on vocal exercises and tone awareness, on Mandarin tone intelligibility for children with hearing impairments. A single-subject A-B-A' design was used and divided into three phases: baseline, intervention, and maintenance. In the study, three students from the NWL Foundation for the Hearing Impaired, R.O.C. were selected as research subjects. The music training activities were designed by the researchers, a certified music therapist and a speech therapist, and were comprised of 10 sessions. The data was analyzed using visual analysis and a T test; PRAAT software was also used; observation of the classroom sessions made possible the recording of qualitative data. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) music training based on vocal exercises and tone awareness helped immediately improve Mandarin tone intelligibility for children with hearing impairments; (2) music training based on vocal exercises and tone awareness helped to significantly modify the duration mode, F0 pitch mode and F0 contour mode of Mandarin tones for children with hearing impairments; (3) after the music training ended, the ability of children with hearing impairments to correctly pronounce the Mandarin tones had kept during the maintenance phase.