「客家文化重點發展區」的發展途徑

Developmental Approaches to the “Major Hakka Cultural Areas”

本文先探討臺灣客家族群發展的主要問題為客家族群定義趨於寬鬆致客家人口數未臻精確、都會區客家族群的「隱形化」及「族群認同改變化」、其他族群不易接受客家族群爭取制度保障訴求等三項。進而檢視客委會所公告之「客家文化重點發展區」，並發現其主要問題為「客家文化重點發展區」之認定問題、穩定性問題、地方配合度問題、大臺北都會區無客家文化重點發展區等問題；其中都市客家問題，更是目前客家文化重點發展區政策的主要盲點。對於客家文化重點發展區之改進策略，除了積極以「客家文化產業化、客家產業文化化」為手段發展客家文化產業外；並引介美國特殊目的政府概念，提出將客家文化重點發展區轉型為「客家語言及文化特殊目的政府」之長遠發展策略。同時，為解決本文所提出都會區客家發展問題，本文建議應以客家文化產業為手段，採行「鄉村型」與「都會型」之「雙軌制」客家發展策略；並思考修正《地方制度法》規範「都會客家主題發展區」之設立機制。

This article analyzes the main problems of Hakka development: (1) the definition of Hakka ethnicity is too loose to calculate Hakka population; (2) Hakka people who live in metropolitan areas change their ethnic identity; and (3) other ethnic groups could not accept legal protection of Hakka ethnicity. After reviewing the Major Hakka Cultural Areas, announced by Hakka Affairs Council, the researcher found that the key problems of Major Hakka Cultural Areas include the definition problem, stability, coordination between central and local government, and lacking Major Hakka Cultural Areas in Great Taipei metropolitan areas. Moreover, it is the lack of the Major Hakka Cultural Areas in metropolitan areas that weaken the policy of Major Hakka Cultural Areas. The study further offers suggestions on this issue. First, Hakka culture industries could be developed through industrializing Hakka culture and bring cultural elements to the Hakka industries. Second, Major Hakka Cultural Areas may be transformed to Hakka language and culture special purpose government, following the idea of special purpose government of the United States. At the same time, for solving the principal problem of the urban Hakka issue, this article suggests that the government should adopt dual policies, which are rural and urban policy. Also, this article suggests government should adopt the Urban Hakka Theme Areas.