戶外冒險教育課程對澳門大學生生活效能與團隊凝聚力之成效

Effects of the Outdoor Adventure Education Courses on Undergraduates’ Life-Effectiveness and Group Cohesion in Macau

本研究的目的在於檢驗參與戶外冒險教育課程對澳門大學生在生活效能與團隊凝聚力方面之成效。本研究採用「不等組前、後測」準實驗設計，研究對象分為實驗組（參與戶外冒險教育課程共13名學生）以及對照組（參與一般體育課程共19位學生）。並採用「生活效能」量表（包含：時間管理、情緒控制、成就動機、社交領導、自信心與主動積極性等6個面向）與「團隊凝聚力」量表進行課程成效檢測。研究結果發現課程對學生的「生活效能」與「團隊凝聚力」都有提升的效果。而參與戶外冒險教育課程之實驗組學生在生活效能及其6個面向（時間管理、情緒控制、成就動機、社交領導、自信心、主動積極性）與團隊凝聚力之後測分數比前測分數皆有提升，其中除了「成就動機」外，其餘皆達到統計上之顯著水準（p＜.05）。而在共變數分析之結果中，實驗組較對照組之後測分數，在生活效能及其5個面向（時間管理、情緒控制、社交領導、自信心、主動積極性）與團隊凝聚力上有增進，並達到統計上顯著水準。因此本研究總結戶外冒險教育課程對參與的大學生在「生活效能」與「團隊凝聚力」有著正面成效。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the outdoor adventure education (OAE) courses on Macao undergraduate’s life effectiveness and group cohesion. The methods of Quasi-experimental as well as the pretest/post-test nonequivalent groups design were used. Participants were undergraduates divided into two groups: an experimental group with participating in OAE courses (n=13) and a control group with participating in PE courses (n=19). The life effectiveness and group cohesion scales were taken to pre-test and post-test the effects. According to the results, the experimental group achieved more significantly positive improvement on life effectiveness (including 6 subscales such as time management, emotional control, achievement motivation, social leadership, self-confidence and active initiative) as well as group cohesion than the control group. In conclusion, the designed outdoor adventure education courses could promote undergraduate’s life effectiveness and group cohesion.