重新檢視軍人犯罪適用軍事審判之範圍

Re-examining the Scope of Military Trials for Military Crimes

為因應中共對台之滲透與間諜活動威脅，總統賴清德於2025年3月13日國安高層會議中宣布啟動軍事審判制度之全面檢討與修正，本文認為藉此契機應將軍事審判制度朝向專業化設計，須兼顧「國家安全保障」與「憲政秩序維護」兩大原則，重新定位軍事法院，同時與勤務法庭進行資源整合，並重新檢視現役軍人平時觸犯何種陸海空軍刑法犯罪類型應由軍事法院審理，就現行初步政策：「現役軍人未來觸犯陸海空軍刑法第二編之軍事犯罪，將受軍事審判，第三編軍人一般犯罪案件，規劃仍由司法機關辦理。」本文認為應以「軍事法益」作為核心判準，重新劃分平時軍事法院與一般法院之審理範圍，針對涉及軍紀、服從、保密、戰備、領導統御等軍事核心價值之犯罪（如違反效忠國家職責罪、營區賭博等），應由軍事法院審理；非戰時涉及財產、酒駕等一般犯罪，則由普通法院管轄。

In response to the growing threats of infiltration and espionage from China, President Lai Ching-Te announced on March 13, 2025, during a high-level national security meeting, the initiation of a comprehensive review and revision of the military trial system. This presents an opportunity to redesign the system with a focus on professionalism, ensuring alignment with two key principles:“national security protection”and“constitutional order maintenance”. The military courts should be redefined and integrated with the existing duty courts, and the scope of offenses committed by active-duty personnel during peacetime that should fall under military jurisdiction must be reassessed. According to current policy, military courts would handle crimes defined in Chapter Two of the Military Criminal Code (pertaining to military offenses), while Chapter Three offenses (general crimes committed by military personnel) would remain under the jurisdiction of criminal courts. This classification warrants further discussion. This paper argues that the core criterion for jurisdiction should be“military legal interests”. Therefore, the division of jurisdiction between military and civil courts during peacetime should be refined. Crimes involving core military values—such as discipline, obedience, confidentiality, combat readiness, and command authority (e.g., offenses against loyalty to the state or gambling in military zones)—should be adjudicated by military courts. In contrast, general crimes during peacetime, such as property offenses or drunk driving, should be handled by criminal courts.