從警察機關觀點探討臺灣詐欺犯罪防制跨機關合作現況與挑戰

Interagency Collaboration in Fraud Prevention in Taiwan: Current Conditions and Challenges from a Policing Perspecti

詐欺犯罪具有高度組織化、數位化與跨境化特性，使其防制工作已超出單一警察機關所能獨力因應之範疇。基此，本研究以警察機關觀點為出發，透過文獻分析與深度訪談法，蒐集並分析20位受訪者意見，包括中央警察機關管理人員、刑事警察大隊大隊長及直轄市分局長，旨在探討臺灣詐欺犯罪防制跨機關合作之運作現況、制度限制與政策精進方向。研究結果歸納出六項主要發現：第一，警察在防詐體系中承受過度期待，責任呈現高度集中化；第二，跨機關合作雖已制度化運作，惟多屬形式性安排，缺乏實質強制力；第三，金融與電信部門之合作機制相對成熟，但仍受法制規範與誘因不足之限制；第四，數位經濟與平台治理為當前制度體系之最大缺口；第五，檢察官科技偵查素養對案件推進與偵辦成效具有關鍵影響；第六，地方政府所推動之創新防詐策略雖具成效，惟缺乏制度化支撐。基於上述發現，本研究提出六項政策建議：第一，防詐策略應由事後執法導向轉向以被害人為中心之整合防制模式；第二，跨機關合作機制應強化以「目標承諾」（goal commitment）為核心之制度設計；第三，應重新定位警察於整體防詐治理體系中的角色；第四，主管機關應加速建立平台責任法制與風險內部化機制；第五，應建構制度化之跨機關情資共享與整合體系；第六，應強化檢察官偵辦詐欺案件之科技犯罪專業能力。

Fraud has become increasingly organized, digitalized, and transnational in nature, placing its prevention beyond the capacity of any single police agency to address independently. This study adopts a police-centered perspective and employs literature review and in-depth interviews to collect and analyze the views of 20 participants, including senior officials from central police agencies, commanders of criminal investigation corps, and precinct chiefs of metropolitan police departments. The study aims to examine the current operation, institutional constraints, and policy improvement directions of interagency collaboration in fraud prevention in Taiwan. Six major findings are identified: (1) police roles in fraud prevention are subject to excessive expectations and a high degree of responsibility concentration; (2) interagency cooperation exhibits formal institutionalization but lacks enforceability; (3) collaboration with financial and telecommunications sectors is relatively mature but still constrained by legal frameworks and incentive structures; (4) governance of the digital economy sector represents the most significant institutional gap; (5) prosecutors’technological investigative literacy substantially influences case progression and investigative effectiveness; and (6) local innovative anti-fraud strategies demonstrate effectiveness but lack institutional support for sustainability. Based on these findings, the study proposes the following policy recommendations: (1) shifting from a post-incident enforcement approach to a victim-centered prevention strategy; (2) strengthening interagency collaboration through institutional designs that foster goal commitment; (3) redefining the role of the police within the anti-fraud governance system; (4) enhancing platform accountability regulations and mechanisms for internalizing risk within digital industries; (5) establishing an institutionalized interagency intelligence-sharing and integration framework; and (6) improving prosecutors’professional capacity in technology-enabled crime investigations.