面板產業結合人工智慧之技術趨勢：從智慧製造、AI終端需求到新世代顯示生態系統重構

Trends of Artificial Intelligence Integration in the Display Panel Industry: From Smart Manufacturing and AI End-Market Demand to Next-Generation Display Ecosystems

全球面板產業正處於由傳統規模競爭邁向高附加價值與智慧化競爭的重要轉折期。隨著人工智慧（Artificial Intelligence，AI）自雲端運算延伸至終端裝置、智慧工廠與多元應用場景，顯示器已逐漸由被動式影像輸出元件，轉變為支撐人機互動、環境感知與智慧決策回饋的重要「認知介面（cognitive interface）」。在製造端，AI技術已廣泛應用於瑕疵分類、AOI檢測、設備預知維護、製程最佳化與數位分身（digital twin）等場域，提升良率、稼動率與製造效率；在需求端，AI PC、AI TV、智慧座艙、機器人與邊緣裝置則重新定義顯示器之性能需求與產品定位，帶動高解析度、高亮度、低功耗與可撓式顯示技術的發展；在技術層面，OLED、Micro LED與透明／自由形態顯示亦在AI應用驅動下呈現共演化趨勢。
本文以產業技術分析角度出發，系統性探討面板產業與AI結合之三大發展路徑，包括智慧製造升級、終端需求重組與顯示技術路線演進，並進一步整合國際期刊（SCI）與產業報告資料進行交叉驗證。研究結果顯示，未來面板廠競爭力將不再僅取決於產能與成本優勢，而在於其能否建構完整的AI驅動製造能力、跨系統資料整合能力，以及場域化顯示解決方案之設計能力。然而，AI導入仍面臨資料治理、模型可解釋性、資本支出與跨域人才等挑戰。本文認為，AI將重新定義面板產業之價值結構，使其由傳統顯示元件產業轉型為支撐智慧互動與數位生態之核心平台。

The global display panel industry is undergoing a critical transition from scale-driven competition toward high-value and intelligence-driven transformation. With the rapid expansion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) from cloud computing to edge devices, smart manufacturing systems, and diverse application scenarios, display panels are evolving from passive image output components into essential cognitive interfaces that support human–machine interaction, environmental awareness, and intelligent decision-making feedback.
On the manufacturing side, AI technologies have been widely adopted in defect classification, automated optical inspection (AOI), predictive maintenance, process optimization, and digital twin systems, significantly improving yield, equipment utilization, and operational efficiency. On the demand side, the emergence of AI PCs, AI TVs, smart cockpits, robotics, and edge devices is redefining display requirements and product positioning, driving advancements in high resolution, high brightness, energy efficiency, flexible displays, and novel interaction interfaces. From a technological perspective, OLED, Micro LED, and transparent/free-form displays are evolving in parallel with AI-driven applications.
This study systematically analyzes the integration of AI in the display industry from three perspectives: smart manufacturing transformation, restructuring of end-market demand, and evolution of display technology roadmaps. By incorporating both industrial reports and SCI-level academic literature, the study provides a comprehensive evaluation of current trends and future directions. The results indicate that future competitiveness of panel manufacturers will depend not only on scale and cost advantages, but also on their capability to develop AI-driven manufacturing systems, integrate cross-domain data, and deliver scenario-based display solutions. Nevertheless, challenges remain in data governance, model interpretability, capital investment, and interdisciplinary talent development. This work concludes that AI will fundamentally reshape the value structure of the display industry, transforming it from a component supplier into a core enabler of intelligent interaction and digital ecosystems.