在臺緬甸留學生跨文化調適初探

An Exploratory Study of the Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Myanmar Students in Taiwan

在全球化加速發展的背景下，跨國移動與文化交流日益頻繁，異文化接觸成為國際學生常見的生活情境。隨著臺灣「新南向政策」的推動，來臺就讀的緬甸留學生人數穩定成長，其跨文化適應情形值得高度關注。為深化該政策成效並提升臺灣高等教育的國際能見度，有必要深入探究緬甸留學生在臺期間的適應歷程與挑戰。本研究關注「跨文化調適」（cross-cultural adaptation）之議題，聚焦緬甸留學生在臺灣所面對的文化差異與調適歷程。研究架構採用Ward（1996）所提出的分類，區分為「社會文化適應」與「心理適應」兩個面向。前者著重於個體在異文化環境中功能性運作的能力，後者則指涉其情緒與心理狀態的穩定性與滿意度。本研究探討緬甸學生選擇來臺深造的動機，分析其在臺就學期間跨文化調適所面臨的主要影響因素及其所採取之適應策略。研究方法採用質性訪談，從日常生活、語言與文化、人際互動，以及學業與經濟等面向切入，以理解緬甸學生之跨文化調適經驗。研究結果可作為高等教育機構優化留學生支持系統與檢視境外招生政策之重要參考，期能促進來臺留學生之整體發展與文化融合。

In the context of accelerated globalization, transnational mobility and cultural exchange have become increasingly common, making intercultural encounters a frequent experience for international students. With the implementation of Taiwan’s“New Southbound Policy,”the number of Myanmar students studying in Taiwan has steadily increased, highlighting the importance of understanding their cross-cultural adaptation. This study focuses on the cultural differences and adjustment processes experienced by Myanmar students in Taiwan, adopting Ward’s (1996) framework, which distinguishes between sociocultural adaptation—referring to functional competence in a new cultural environment—and psychological adaptation—referring to emotional stability and satisfaction. This study examines the motivations that influence Myanmar students’decisions to pursue higher education in Taiwan. It analyzes the key factors affecting their cross-cultural adaptation during their period of study, as well as the adaptation strategies they employ. A qualitative interview approach is adopted, examining students’experiences across multiple dimensions, including daily life, language and culture, interpersonal interactions, and academic and economic conditions, to gain an in-depth understanding of their cross-cultural adaptation experiences. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights for higher education institutions in optimizing international student support systems and reviewing overseas student recruitment policies, thereby promoting the holistic development and cultural integration of international students in Taiwan.