丹道身體感與身體圖式：從經驗出發的丹道身體研究

The Shentigan and the Body Schema of Dan Tao: An Experiential Study of the Dan Tao Body

本文所探討的丹道身體經驗是以現象學式的提問作為開端，以身體經驗訪談與現象描述出發，希望能展開丹道感知、運作結構的具體內涵。從而發現丹道身體感是一種需要不斷精進的聽覺、觸覺、視覺等的感知聯覺，以日常生活的運用做進一步的體驗與修正。它同時是一種必須動員意念、想像甚至撤除日常意識的身體驅動方法。而丹道的身體圖式所勾勒的身體結構是有機形體而非機械式的連結；丹道身體的用「力」方式是順應而非抵抗；丹道身體的深層運用是包括用意、用神到出神的意識多重運用。而透過丹道身體經驗考察的丹道「同一性」是——以虛為核心的身體運作模式，不論其演繹形式有多大的差異與變化，掌握看不見的「丹田」是得以貫穿丹道複雜樣貌的丹道要義。從身體知覺現象學的角度重新檢視丹道內涵的動態流變，丹道修煉是以知覺形構的空間部署，丹道身體是以丹田為核心的覺構空間。

The body experiences of Dan Tao explored in this paper begins with a phenomenological inquiry. Through descriptions from interviews about body experiences the specific content of the perceptual and operational structure of Dan Tao is revealed. The research shows that physical sensation in Dan Tao is not only a kind of perceptual association of hearing, touching, and seeing that needs to be continuously refined and experienced based on daily life, but also a body-driven skill that requires the mobilization of thought, imagination, and even the withdrawal from daily consciousness. The body structure outlined in the body schema of Dan Tao is organic rather than mechanically connected. The way of“force”being used in the Dan Tao body is conformity rather than resistance. The deeper use of the Dan Tao body is a multiple use of consciousness. The“identity”of Dan Tao, as examined through the Dan Tao body experiences, is that the physical mode of operation is centered on virtuality, and that no matter how different and varied the forms of interpretation are, commanding the invisible“Dantian”(丹田) is vital for penetrating the complexity of Dan Tao. The practice of Dan tao is deployed in a perceptually structured space, and the Dan tao body is a space of perception construction.