「孔氏經讖」撰作時段考──歷時語境中的若干常用史料再審視

A Study on the Period of Composition of Canonical Confucian Prophetic Texts: A Reappraisal of Frequently Referenced Historical Sources in Diachronic Contexts

文中就可體現「經讖」系列行世問題的史料重予辨正，以見其形成年代恐當推遲至建武：李尋「六緯」的內涵縱與儒學相關亦不得等同「經讖」；張霸「百兩篇」雖被證偽但流傳未絕，未可斷論採說之「經讖」源出當時；楊氏「秘記」乃河洛天文推步之屬；《華陽國志》「漢史案圖緯」一段係隋唐人竄入；張衡「成於哀平之際」的依據只適用於斷代上限；《後漢書》「惲據經讖」一句乃范曄增飾，同書所載篇名亦其取相副者補述；蘇竟「孔丘秘經」乃就「秘隱」、「藏設」的「河洛世表」而言，亦桓譚稱「或收古之圖書，增益造飾，稱孔子並為讖記」者，光武駁書之「西狩獲麟讖」即其「漢錄」部分；此皆帝紀世讖之流，仍不同於《圖讖》中存世「經讖」系列的內容性質。

This paper re-examines historical sources concerning the circulation of“Classic-Prophecy”(經讖) texts and re-evaluates their chronological development by suggesting that their formation likely dates no earlier than the Jianwu period. To begin with, although Li Xun’s“Six Wei”is related to Confucian thought, it cannot be equated with the“Classic-Prophecy”tradition. While Zhang Ba’s Bailiang Pian has proven to be a forgery, it continued to be in circulation and should not be definitively regarded as the origin of beliefs associated with“Classic-Prophecy.”Meanwhile, the“Secret Records”passed down by the ancestors of the Yang family are considered to be the He-Luo texts of astronomical calculation of ephemerides. Next, the section on“Han Historical Charts and Apocrypha”in Huayang Guozhi was likely inserted during the Sui-Tang period. The claim that prophetic involvement was“formed during the Ai-Ping period,”as stated by Zhang Heng, can only be understood within a diachronic framework. Moreover, the statement in Hou Hanshu that Zhi Yun relied on“Classics and Prophecies”was likely embellished by Fan Ye, who also complemented several chapter titles by referencing texts within their corresponding historical contexts. As Su Jing’s assertion of Confucius’s“Secret Scripture”refers to the genealogy of the He-Luo systems that has been“hidden and stored,”it also correlates with Huan Tan’s critique that the ancient writings were forged and wrongly ascribed to Confucius’s prophetic records. Lastly, the“Western Hunt and Kylin Prophecy,”rejected by Emperor Guangwu, concerns the records of Han and belongs to imperial prophetic narratives; however, it is fundamentally distinct from the series of Classic-Prophecy texts included in“Charts and Prophecies”(圖讖).