董仲舒行誼述考：以武帝時期為中心

A Study of Dong Zhongshu’s Life and Legacy: Focusing on the Era of Emperor Wu

董仲舒賢良對策的年代，歷來聚訟不已，莫衷一是。爭議關鍵在於未能全面觀照其人、其時的學術、政治活動先後順序。有鑑於此，本文首先商榷《漢書‧武帝紀》以外的七種異說，逐一指出其不足或矛盾之處。再從武帝即位開始，依序考察建元到元鼎年間董仲舒的所有經歷。同時旁參司馬相如、公孫弘、吾丘壽王、主父偃、張湯、兒寬等人物事蹟，以及略通夜郎、和親匈奴、詔舉賢良、江都止雨、鑿空西域等政治措施。藉由梳理此三十年內的重要人物、事件，貫聯董仲舒在武帝一朝的政治、學術活動，進而確認董仲舒賢良對策確實在元光元年五月。對於一代儒宗的生平行誼，庶幾能有更完整的認識。

The year in which Dong Zhongshu established“Xianliang Duice”(賢良對策) has long been disputed, and no consensus has yet been reached. The key controversy lies in the failure to comprehensively consider the sequence of events regarding the individual’s academic and political activities. As such, this article first discusses seven different theories that are not mentioned in Hanshu Wudiji (漢書武帝紀) by identifying their conceptual deficiencies and contradictions. Then, this paper sequentially examines Dong’s experiences from the Jianyuan to the Yuanding periods after Liu Che ascended to the throne as Emperor Wu. At the same time, this paper explores the achievements made by Sima Xiangru, Gongsun Hong, Wuqiu Shouwang, Zhufu Yan, Zhang Tang, and Er Kuan, as well as crucial political measures such as the management of Yelang, the adoption of Heqin policies with the Xiongnu, the summoning of virtuous individuals, the performance of rain ceremonies in Jiangdu, and the conquest of the Western Regions. By illustrating the roles of important figures and events within this thirty-year period and correlating their significance with Dong’s political and academic activities during the reign of Emperor Wu, this paper contends that Dong’s“Xianliang Duice”was indeed initiated in May of the first year of Yuanguang (元光元年134 B.C.). This study attempts to develop a more comprehensive perspective on the life and legacy of a leading Confucian master of his generation.