結構詩學視閾下的〈當原野上方泛著綠光……〉

Towards a Structural Analysis of V. Khlebnikov’s“When Green Shimmers Above the Field…”

短詩〈當原野上方泛著綠光⋯⋯〉完成時，正是以赫列布尼科夫爲首的俄國立體未來主義蓬勃發展時期。該流派詩人主張摧毀詩歌傳統，恢復詞語的自主性（самовитость），以喚起讀者的藝術體驗。
〈當原野上方泛著綠光⋯⋯〉文字簡潔、意象鮮明，全無前衛實驗的痕跡。然而，細讀這篇詩作，不難發現赫列布尼科夫雖未刻意將作品分節，但其內部結構符合十四行詩的原則，在起承轉合的推進中，勾勒出作品的意象空間，以及時空流轉中投射出的情感、思想與世界觀。
本文以洛特曼的結構詩學為理論框架，先梳理十四行詩在俄國的起源與發展，再進行格律、語音、句式等詩歌表層結構的分析，最後聚焦於詩作結尾的飛蛾意象，探討牠的文化象徵與在赫列布尼科夫詩作中所要傳達的深層意義。
透過以上的分析，本文不僅揭示了赫列布尼科夫如何重構十四行詩的傳統結構，也說明了詩人如何借由具體意象投射其對時間、生命與宇宙的思考。這一發現有助於深化對赫列布尼科夫詩學特徵的理解，並進一步拓展對其詩歌美學的詮釋可能。

Velimir Khlebnikov’s short poem«Когданадполемзеленеет…»(“When Green Shimmers Above the Field…”) was composed during the height of Russian Cubo-Futurism, a movement that sought to dismantle poetic tradition and restore the autonomy of the word (samovitost’).
At first glance, the poem is concise in form and vivid in imagery, showing no trace of avant-garde experimentation. Yet a closer reading reveals that, although Khlebnikov does not divide it into stanzas, its internal structure follows the principles of the sonnet. Through a progression reminiscent of exposition, development, and resolution, the poem creates an imagistic space in which emotions, ideas, and a worldview are projected across shifting dimensions of time and space.
Drawing on Yuri Lotman’s structural poetics, this article first outlines the origins and development of the sonnet in Russia, then analyzes the poem’s surface structures–meter, sound, and syntax–before turning to the image of the moth at the conclusion, exploring its symbolic significance within the cultural context and the deeper meanings Khlebnikov seeks to convey through it.
Through this analysis, the article not only demonstrates how Khlebnikov reconfigures the traditional sonnet structure but also shows how he uses concrete imagery to project his reflections on time, life, and the universe. This finding contributes to a deeper understanding of the characteristics of Khlebnikov’s poetics and further expands the possibilities for interpreting his poetic aesthetics.