《我的中尉》對偉大衛國戰爭的當代反思書寫——以蘇聯經典戰爭小說為對比參照

My Lieutenant: Contemporary Reflections on the Great Patriotic War in Literature—A Comparative Reference to Classic Soviet War Novels

達尼伊爾．格拉寧的《我的中尉》是一部在當代語境下對偉大衛國戰爭的全面深刻反思之作，與蘇聯經典戰爭小說在敘事內容、視角、文體上有很大不同。本文以《青年近衛軍》、《一個人的遭遇》等蘇聯經典戰爭小說為對比參照，闡釋《我的中尉》對偉大衛國戰爭的當代反思。研究表明，《我的中尉》與蘇聯經典戰爭小說在敘事主題上完全背道而馳：不是塑造而是消解戰爭英雄，不是宣揚而是質疑正義戰爭觀，不是掩飾而是暴露戰爭創傷，不是建構而是解構蘇維埃國家神話。與此同時，《我的中尉》在美學形式上相較於蘇聯經典戰爭小說呈現出創新趨勢，比如現實主義基調與後現代主義手法結合，虛構與非虛構結合。

Daniil Granin's My Lieutenant offers a comprehensive and profound reflection on the Great Patriotic War within a contemporary context, differing significantly from classic Soviet war novels in its narrative content, perspective, and style. This paper uses classic Soviet war novels such as The Young Guard and The Fate of a Man as comparative references to elucidate the contemporary reflections presented in My Lieutenant. The study reveals that My Lieutenant completely diverges from the narrative themes of classic Soviet war novels: it deconstructs rather than constructs war heroes, questions rather than promotes the concept of a just war, exposes rather than conceals the trauma of war, and dismantles rather than builds the myth of the Soviet state. At the same time, My Lieutenant demonstrates innovative trends in aesthetic form compared to classic Soviet war novels, such as the integration of a realist foundation with postmodernist techniques, and the blending of fiction and non-fiction.