家長教育、家庭教養、親職參與對學前幼兒情緒能力發展軌跡之預測分析

Forecast Analysis of Developmental Trajectories of Preschoolers’Emotional Competence through Parent Education, Family Parenting, and Parental Involvement

本研究旨在探討臺灣學前幼兒情緒能力的成長模式，並分析家長教育、家庭教養、親職參與對其發展軌跡的影響，資料來自「幼兒發展調查資料庫建置計畫」共952位三年長期追蹤之幼兒為研究對象，採取潛在成長曲線模式進行分析。研究結果發現：幼兒於三至五歲期間的情緒能力有隨年齡增加而提升之趨勢，每年約提升0.177分。其次，家庭教養、父親參與及母親參與對幼兒情緒能力成長曲線的截距（三歲時）有正向效應，三個預測變項對成長曲線截距的解釋變異量為0.941，其中以父親參與的影響特別大。父親參與對幼兒情緒能力成長曲線的斜率（每年改變分數）有負向效應，解釋變異量為0.201，並非指父親參與較多者其幼兒到四、五歲時的情緒能力反而低於父親參與較少者，而是指領先之幅度逐漸縮小。最後，進一步分析顯示：家長教育程度對父親及母親參與有正向效應，且對父親參與之效應較大；對家庭教養有負向效應，其標準化迴歸係數為-0.259，儘管效果量不大，仍有待後續研究釐清其潛在機制。

This study aims exploring the growth model of emotional competence of preschoolers in Taiwan, and analyzing the impact of parent education, family parenting, and parental involvement on their developmental trajectories. Data were derived from a three-year long-term survey using the“Kids in Taiwan: National Longitudinal Study of Child Development and Care (KIT).”A total of 952 preschoolers were selected as research subjects, and analyzed using the latent growth curve modeling. The study found emotional competence of preschoolers tend to improve with age between three and five, increasing by approximately 0.177 points per year. Secondly, family parenting, father’s involvement and mother’s involvement had a positive effect on the intercept of preschoolers’emotional competence growth curve (at the age of three); the three predictor variables can explain the growth curve intercept with 0.941 explained variance. Father’s involvement had a negative effect on the slope (the scores changed per year), with 0.201 explained variance. However, it doesn't mean that preschoolers whose fathers are more involved will have lower emotional competence than those preschoolers whose fathers are less involved at the age of four or five. Rather, it narrowed the discrepancy gradually. Finally, further analysis showed the level of parent education had a positive effect on father’s involvement and mother’s involvement, with a greater effect on father’s involvement; it had a negative effect on family parenting, with a standardized regression coefficient of−0.259. Although the effect size was small, further research is needed to clarify its underlying mechanisms.