母親回應教養與學齡前幼兒安全依附及主動行為之關聯：交互延宕模式分析

Maternal Responsiveness and Preschoolers’Secure Attachment and Assertiveness: A Cross-lagged Model

本研究旨在探討臺灣學齡前幼兒母親回應教養、幼兒安全依附及其主動行為的縱貫關聯性。本研究採用「臺灣幼兒發展資料庫」36月齡組幼兒四波縱貫資料，選取皆由親生母親填答者，共得1,011位參與者。在控制幼兒性別及家庭社經背景後，以交互延宕模型檢視三至六歲期間母親回應教養、幼兒安全依附和主動行為三變項間的縱貫關聯性。研究結果指出，親子安全依附與幼兒主動行為兩者具有雙向關聯性，而母親回應教養與幼兒主動行為之間的影響關係隨著孩子年齡增長而有所變化。最後，四歲時的親子安全依附，在以下兩條影響路徑中皆呈現顯著的中介效果：一是三歲時母親的回應教養對五歲時幼兒主動行為的影響；二是三歲時幼兒的主動行為對五歲時母親回應教養的影響。本研究揭示親子安全依附於幼兒社會發展中所扮演的重要角色，建議透過親職教育鼓勵母親適時回應孩子的需求，強化親子安全依附關係，支持孩子勇於表達自我，促進孩子的主動行為發展，形成正向的親子互動循環。

This study examines longitudinal associations between maternal responsiveness, child secure attachment, and child assertive behavior in Taiwanese preschoolers. The current research used data from the survey“Kids in Taiwan: National Longitudinal Study of Child Development & Care.”The study analyzed survey data collected in the first to fourth waves from mothers of a 36-month-old cohort. The total valid sample size was 1,011. Controlling for child gender and family socioeconomic background, cross-lagged panel models were used to examine longitudinal associations between maternal responsiveness, child secure attachment, and child assertive behavior from ages 3 to 6. The results indicate a bidirectional association between secure parent–child attachment and child assertive behavior, and show that the influence of maternal responsiveness on child assertive behavior changes as children grow older. Secure attachment at age four played a significant mediating role in two pathways: (1) the association between maternal responsive parenting at age three and child assertive behavior at age five, and (2) the association between child assertive behavior at age three and maternal responsive parenting at age five. This finding highlights the crucial role of secure attachment in children’s social development. Encouraging mothers to respond appropriately to their children’s needs through parental education can strengthen parent–child secure attachment, support children’s self-expression, and promote the development of assertive behavior, thereby fostering a positive cycle of parent–child interaction.