「重複」與「反覆」的語義與語用辨析：以母語者語感調查與語料庫為本

A Semantic and Pragmatic Analysis of ''Chongfu'' and ''Fanfu'': A Study Based on Native Speaker Intuition and Corpus Data

近義詞「重複」和「反覆」在教科書或是辭典中常相互解釋詞義。然而兩者不一定能互換使用（如：他的病情常常反覆／*重複）。本研究旨在透過語料庫分析和對母語者語感的調查，探討「重複」和「反覆」在語義和語用上的差異。教育部編纂的《重編國語辭典修訂本》對於「重複」一詞的解釋為「事物反覆相同」和「重疊」，而「反覆」則被解釋為「一遍又一遍，多次重複」。以往的研究指出，「重複」和「反覆」的差異在於前者具有完全相同性，而後者則帶有目的性，且行為次數多於「重複」。然而，僅以此標準仍難以明確區分兩者的使用時機，以及解釋次數差異的原因。在句法功能上，「重複」多作為及物動詞使用，而「反覆」則幾乎是副詞用法。此外，除了先行研究提及的有目的性外，「反覆」的使用情形還涵蓋了兩種狀態間的多次切換（例：讓眼睛在水中反覆爭閉數次），而「重複」則是表達單一不變行為的複製（例：同樣的話我只重複一次）。基於這種區別標準，便能夠解釋「重複」和「反覆」在動詞共現和表達次數上的差異。在語用功能上，副詞重疊式「重重複複」和「反反覆覆」除了能加強程度，還同時具有後景功能，用以總結並帶出後文的重點，並藉由與上下文的關聯性，而產生語義的延伸。

This study aims to explore the differences in meaning and usage between the words ''重複'' and ''反覆'' by analyzing language data and conducting a survey of native speakers' linguistic intuition. The meanings of ''重複'' and ''反覆'' are almost identical in textbooks and dictionaries. However, some examples show that they are not always interchangeable. For example, in the sentence''他的病情常常反覆/*重複'', ''反覆'' can be used, but ''重複'' cannot. Previous studies suggest that ''重複'' means ''something happening again in the same way'' or ''overlapping'', while ''反覆'' means ''doing something again and again, many times''. And while ''重複'' refers to exact repetition, ''反覆'' has a purpose and happens more often. However, this explanation alone does not fully explain when to use each word or why there is a difference in frequency between them. The results of this study suggest that ''重複'' is mostly used as a transitive verb, while ''反覆'' is often used as an adverb. In addition, ''反覆'' also describes switching between two states several times (e.g.,讓眼睛在水中反覆爭閉數次). In contrast, ''重複'' refers to copying the same action ( e.g.,同樣的話我只重複一次). This distinction also helps to explain their differences in verb collocation and frequency. The AABB patterns such as ''重重複複'' and ''反反覆覆'' not only emphasize intensity. They also serve as background in a paragraph to summarize, and the lexical meaning can be expanded depending on the surrounding context.