機構安置兒童少年之關係永續：服務使用者和提供者觀點探究安置關係需求和連結

Relational Permanency of Children and Youth in Residential Care: Perspectives from Service Users and Providers on Relational Needs and Connections in Care

替代性照顧中，許多兒少無法返回原生家庭或被收養，而進入長期安置。然而，他們經常經歷安置轉換，或因有限的安置資源而被安置於機構式照顧環境，難以發展穩定的正向關係，導致離開體系時缺乏足夠的支持網絡。國外文獻強調「關係永續」的重要性，即需為安置兒少建立穩定情感連結和長期支持關係，尤其長期安置的兒少更容易中斷與原生家庭的連結，機構安置亦會影響其個別關係的維持。本研究深度訪談12位具機構安置經驗青年和22位安置機構及自立生活服務工作者，探討機構安置兒少的關係需求、需求回應策略、及實踐關係永續的建議。研究發現：（1）機構安置兒少對關係的高度需求，源於與原生家庭分離經驗、家外安置的創傷過程、環境和關係的變動及缺乏個別化關係連結。（2）回應關係需求關鍵在於營造安全感與歸屬感，並透過個別化陪伴，協助機構安置兒少擴展連結資源。（3）實踐關係永續面臨制度性挑戰，如安置資源難以保證計畫期程、機構照顧人力流動性高、結案後關係延續的倫理兩難。本文建議整體替代性照顧應以關係導向為基礎，政策應規劃穩定的長期安置，實務服務應拓展機構安置兒少關係連結的多樣性。

Many children in the child welfare system are unable to achieve the permanency goal, whether family reunification or adoption, and are often placed in long-term foster care. However, these children are likely to experience placement disruptions or be placed in residential care settings, making it difficult for them to develop stable and positive relationships. As a result, they often lack sufficient support networks when they leave the system. Previous literature emphasizes the importance of“relational permanency,”which refers to the need for children in care to develop stable emotional connections and long-term supportive relationships. This study aims to explore the relational needs of children in residential care, strategies for meeting those needs, and recommendations for practicing relational permanency. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 young adults with out-of-home care experience and 22 service providers from residential care and independent living services. Findings indicate that (1) The high demand for relationships among children in care stems from their removal experiences, the traumatic placement process, instability in their caring environment and relationships, and the lack of individualized relational connections. (2) Addressing relational needs lies in fostering a sense of security and belonging through individualized companionship, which helps children expand their support networks. (3) Practicing relational permanency encounters challenges, such as difficulties in stable service planning, high staff turnover, and ethical dilemmas in maintaining relationships after case closure. Recommendations include making the child welfare system relationship-oriented, with policies designed to ensure stable long-term placements and services developed to focus on expanding the diversity of children’s relational networks.