高齡者日常生活活動功能對幸福感之貫時性分析：以社會活動參與為中介變項

A Longitudinal Analysis of the Relationship between Activities of Daily Living and Subjective Well-Being in Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Social Participation

隨著臺灣高齡人口快速增長，高齡者的身心健康議題日益受到重視，實現成功老化已成為重要社會目標。既有高齡研究多採橫斷面設計，較少同時考量日常生活活動功能、主觀幸福感與社會活動參與之間的長期預測關係。本研究旨在運用縱貫資料，探討高齡者日常生活活動功能、社會活動參與及主觀幸福感之間的動態關係。研究資料來自中央研究院「華人家庭動態資料庫」（PSFD）近三波（2016、2018、2020）調查，共納入1,112位60歲（含）以上受訪者進行分析。研究結果發現：（一）高齡者在日常生活活動功能與主觀幸福感上呈現中高程度，在社會活動參與方面則為中低程度，且三個變項在三波調查中皆呈現穩定的變化趨勢。（二）高齡者的日常生活活動功能能力可正向預測其後續的社會活動參與程度。（三）高齡者的社會活動參與程度可正向預測同一期之主觀幸福感。（四）整體縱貫分析結果顯示，社會活動參與在日常生活活動功能與主觀幸福感之間，於時間序上呈現具顯著但微弱之中介效果。本研究根據分析結果，提供政策制定者、社會組織及相關研究人員具體建議。

With the rapid growth of the elderly population in Taiwan, the physical and mental health of older adults has become an increasingly important issue in achieving successful aging. However, existing research on aging tends to adopt cross-sectional designs. Few studies simultaneously consider the longitudinal causal relationships among activities of daily living (ADL), subjective well-being (SWB), and social participation. This study aims to explore the dynamic relationships among ADL, social participation, and SWB through longitudinal analysis. Data was obtained from three waves (2016, 2018, and 2020) of the Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD), conducted by Academia Sinica, and included a total of 1112 respondents aged 60 and above. The results indicate that: (1) Older adults generally demonstrated moderate-to-high levels of ADL and SWB, and moderate-to-low levels of social participation; all three variables remained stable across the three waves. (2) ADL significantly predicted subsequent levels of social participation. (3) Social participation predicted same-wave levels of SWB. (4) Overall, the longitudinal analysis indicates that social participation plays a statistically significant but modest mediating role in the temporal relationship between activities of ADL and SWB.