勞工輔導到員工協助方案：制度與實務交織的歷史路徑

From Labor Counseling to EAPs: A Historical Development of Institutional and Practical Interweaving in Taiwan

本文從歷史脈絡出發，探討臺灣自1949年代以來勞工輔導制度的生成與演變。研究指出，勞工輔導並非單一制度的線性發展，而是教會、企業、國家與助人專業者等多重行動者交錯推動下的制度實踐。本文以歷史制度論視角，解析制度與實踐的路徑轉變，並探討助人專業在其中的角色。研究整理出四個發展階段：（1）1949至1970年代初期：國家控制下的教會勞工關懷期；（2）1970年代初期：企業參與期；（3）1970年代中期至1990年代初期：政、商導入制度與助人專業裡應外合期；（4）1990年代初期至今：美式EAPs導入與市場化時期。本文發現，當前EAPs為政治、經濟、社會與法律的交織結果，助人專業在其中扮演了穿針引線的要角，然而在市場邏輯主導下，輔導模式日趨單一，助人者角色逐漸商品化。本文主張，唯有回到歷史脈絡，方能重新想像制度可能性與專業定位。

This article traces the formation and evolution of Taiwan’s labor―counseling regime since 1949. Rather than a single, linear trajectory, labor counseling emerged from intersecting initiatives by faith―based organizations, firms, the state, and helping professionals. Using a historical institutionalist lens, this study analyzes shifts in institutional pathways and practices, while also examining the role of helping professions within them. It identifies four phases: (1) 1949-early 1970s: church―led worker care under state control; (2) early 1970s: firm participation and inhouse initiatives; (3) mid-1970s-early 1990s: exploratory program building by the state and firms alongside an“inside-outside”alignment of helping professionals; and (4) early 1990s-present: the introduction of U.S. style Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) and subsequent marketization. The findings show that today’s EAPs are the product of political, economic, social, and legal entanglements, with helping professionals serving as key brokers. Yet under increasingly market driven logistics, service models have converged and professional roles have been progressively commodified. Recovering the historical context is essential for reimagining institutional possibilities and the future positioning of these professions.