誰的復元？毒品政策治理下施用者的被治理經驗與理想中的復元

Whose Recovery? Drug Users’Lived Experiences of Governance within Drug Policy Regimes and Their Recovery Aspirations

毒品施用行為長期受到國家政策與社會安全之關注，但再現樣貌多與個人積習難改、再犯及社會支持不足有關。本文反省當前公共治理體制過度依賴專業主導成癮復元定義，並以Bourdieu場域理論為分析架構，將施用者視為行動主體，還原其在現行體制下的被治理經驗及對理想復元之自我論述。
本文採質性研究法，對35位受訪者進行深度訪談與參與觀察。研究發現受訪者被迫進入公共治理體制後，將暴露在現行體制形塑之風險環境中，並因復元定義的分歧，從「提升產能的工人、自我療癒的病人、用藥娛樂權的公民」等初始身分，轉變為「資深用毒工人、百病纏身的病犯、失去公民權的憤青」，此歷程凸顯施用者雖積極掙扎求存，卻仍難達復元之困境。
研究結論：（1）專業主義與主體行動者對復元定義之歧異，將削弱施用者各類資本並強化用藥慣習；（2）多軌公共治理對施用者製造之交叉風險環境，將對成癮復元生活形成阻礙。據此，提出對社工專業及國家政策之研究建議。

Drug use has long been a central concern of national policy and social governance, yet its public representation remains dominated by narratives of incorrigible habits, recidivism, and insufficient social support. This article examines the current public governance regime’s excessive reliance on professionally led definitions of addiction recovery and, in contrast, treats drug users as active agents. Drawing on Bourdieu’s field theory, it reconstructs their governed experiences within existing systems and their self-narratives of ideal recovery.
Using qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews and participant observation with 35 participants, this study shows how individuals, once compelled into public governance systems, become exposed to risk environments shaped by these regimes. Divergent definitions of recovery contribute to identity shifts, whereby individuals who initially identify as“productive workers, self-healing patients, and citizens with the right to recreational drug use”are redefined within the system as“senior drug users, chronically ill prisoners, and disenfranchised youth”, respectively. This process highlights a paradoxical predicament: despite their active struggles for survival, they remain unable to attain recovery.
This study concludes with the following: (1) the disjuncture between professional discourses and users’own understandings of recovery depletes their various forms of capital and reinforces drug-use habitus; (2) multi-public governance systems create intersecting risk environments that obstruct everyday life in recovery. Based on these findings, this study offers implications for social work and policy reform.