女同志家長在親子關係治療的學習經驗

The learning experience of the lesbian parents in Child-Parent Relationship Therapy

為拓展女同志家長親職增能資源，進而研究女同志家長在親子關係治療的學習經驗，本研究邀請四位女同志家長參與親子關係治療課程，結束後分別接受半結構式深度訪談；透過質性研究方法之現象學分析法進行資料分析。本研究之參與者年齡介於35~45歲，平均38歲。本研究發現，女同志在學習過程出現技巧學習、兒童回應不如預期及前置作業準備之挑戰；然而，女同志透過團體督導、成員協助，以及兒童正向回應，有利突破學習困境。整體而言，親子關係治療後出現兒童的進步、家長自身覺察與肯定、以及家庭關係改善等變化。團體結束後，研究參與者建議為同志家長持續推廣親子關係治療、成員性傾向同質性需求不一，以及性別教育、反霸凌教育增能需求。此外，本研究尚發現同志家長在親子關係治療的性別議題，包含：遊戲物件性別意涵、出櫃與社會倡議是親職內容之一，及同志社群的支持。即使女同志家長學習親子關係治療有助於親子互動，但女同志家長面臨社會質疑其親職功能，仍需學習相關知能來回應。最後，本研究基於研究結果對教育現場與服務同志家長機構提出相關建議。

This study investigated the experiences of lesbian parents in child–parent relationship therapy (CPRT) to help improve resources for such parents. Four lesbian parents who participated in CPRT completed in-depth interviews, and the data were analyzed using a phenomenological approach. This study discovered parent–child problems unique to lesbian parents, including problems with learning skills related to CPRT, children not responding as well as expected when parents apply such skills, and struggling to complete homework. The parents reported positive experiences with CPRT related to the supervision of the leader of the therapy, help from other group members, and positive responses from their children that helped to address their parent–child problems. After the CPRT, the children made emotional and behavioral progress, the parents felt more self-aware and affirmed, and family relationships improved. Feedback from the parents highlighted a need for continued promotion of CPRT for gay parents, understanding of therapy members’opinions regarding other members having the same sexual orientation, and gender and antibullying education. In addition, they reported gender-related problems in the CPRT, including several games involving gender connotations, a requirement for the parenting content of therapy to include information regarding coming out and social advocacy for gay rights, and a need for support from the gay community. This study indicates that lesbian parents who participate in CPRT can improve their parent–child interactions through the program but require additional knowledge regarding gender and anti-bullying education to overcome societal doubts regarding their parenting skills. This study offers recommendations for educational organizations and institutions serving lesbian parents on the basis of its findings.