名從主人？馬祖母語名稱的語言、認同與政治

Naming the Tongue, Claiming the Self: Language, Identity, and Politics in Matsu

2019年《國家語言發展法》通過後，馬祖閩東語正式納入國民教育體系，原本被視為地方性的語言也進入國家政策範疇，其命名遂成為政治問題。本文從馬祖母語作為雙層語言體系中的低位語言出發，探討其在官方政策與日常使用中的定位轉變，並分析不同名稱選擇背後的語言意識形態。透過檔案主題分析與民族誌參與觀察，本文指出，馬祖母語的命名與分類不僅反映地方認同與國族認同的張力，也涉及文化邊界的劃定。在國家語言政策重塑下，馬祖母語被國家政策重新定義與塑造的經驗，顯示地方語言若要保留其跨境且模糊的身分，便必須超越國家邊界的框架，並在民族主義與地方複線認同之間維持彈性。

In 2019, following the legalization of the National Language Development Act, Matsu Language was officially incorporated into the Taiwanese national education system. A language once considered local in scope was now included in national policy, making its naming a political issue. Taking Matsu's mother tongue as the low variety in a diglossic system, this article examines shifts in its positioning in both official policy and everyday use and analyzes the language ideologies underlying different naming choices. Through archival analysis and ethnographic observation, this study suggests that the naming and classification of Matsu's mother tongue reflect shifting official and local perceptions of the language across different periods, and evidence the delineation of cultural boundaries. Under national language policies, Matsu's mother tongue navigates different linguistic ideologies, balancing its local identity with the processes of redefinition and reconstruction imposed by the state, while maintaining flexibility between nationalism and local bifurcated identities.