青少年橄欖球選手之競賽表現與體能、心理特徵關係探討：選材應用分析

Associations Between Competitive Performance and Physical and Psychological Characteristics in Adolescent Rugby Players: Implications for Talent Identification athletes

目的：本研究旨在比較國內不同競賽成績之青少年橄欖球選手於人體測量學、體能與心理特徵之差異，藉以歸納國內潛在影響青少年橄欖球選手競賽表現之要素，透過運動科學鑑別具潛力之青少年選手，建構符合我國選手實用的選材方法。方法：本研究招募96名高中橄欖球選手，分為優秀組與一般組，探討其身高、體重與皮摺厚度之人體測量學；速度、變向、爆發力、有氧能力之體能特徵與第三代渥太華心理技能量表（OMSAT-3）之心理特徵。所得資料以獨立樣本t檢定檢驗。結果：優秀前鋒選手之體脂較低（p = .037），具備較佳之變向（p = .000）、衝刺（p = .000）與下肢爆發力，且具較佳之競賽計畫面向心理特徵。優秀後衛選手展現較優異之變向與衝刺能力，且壓力反應與再專注度之心理特徵優於一般後衛選手。結論：在身體組成與體能特徵等因子，優秀前鋒與後衛選手皆有明顯身體條件的優勢，但優勢項目並不相同；心理特徵上，競賽成績較佳的前鋒選手於呈現較佳之競賽計畫，而優秀後衛具較優異之壓力反應及再專注度。未來選材時，前鋒可透過衝刺、CMJ與變向測驗，後衛則以衝刺與變向能力篩選，以及針對不同位置，進行不同之心理技能練習、賽前模擬，以發揮選手之特質等心理技能訓練，提升競技表現。

Purpose: This study aims to compare the anthropometric, physical, and psychological characteristics of adolescent rugby players with different competition performances in Taiwan. By identifying key factors influencing competition performance, this study seeks to establish a practical talent selection method tailored to Taiwanese players through sports science. Methods: A total of 96 high school rugby players were recruited and divided into an elite group and a general group. The study examined anthropometric variables such as height, weight, and skinfold thickness; physical fitness characteristics including speed, change of direction, explosive power, and aerobic capacity; and psychological characteristics assessed using the third-generation Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tool (OMSAT-3). An independent sample t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Elite forwards exhibited lower body fat percentage (p = .037) and demonstrated superior change of direction ability (p = .000), sprint speed (p = .000), lower-limb explosive power, and competition planning skills. Elite backs showed superior change of direction and sprinting ability, along with better psychological attributes in stress response and refocusing compared to general backs. Conclusion: Elite forwards and backs possess distinct advantages in body composition and physical fitness characteristics, though their strengths differ. In terms of psychological attributes, elite forwards exhibit stronger competition planning skills, while elite backs demonstrate superior stress response and refocusing abilities. Future talent identification for forwards can focus on sprint, countermovement jump (CMJ), and change of direction tests, whereas backs should be evaluated based on sprinting and change of direction abilities. Additionally, position-specific mental skill training, such as pre-competition simulations, should be implemented to enhance players’competitive performance.