中國異議人士的覺醒歷程：一個存在現象學研究

An Existential Phenomenological Study of the Awakening Process of Chinese Dissidents

本研究探討在中國敢於經常公開批評當局的異議人士之生命覺醒歷程與存在結構，採用存在現象學方法，對中國12位異議人士進行電話訪談及文本分析。研究結果顯示，異議人士經歷3種自我與世界的現身過程，藉此引發「覺醒」和「政治出櫃」，此種歷程並非是突然的而是漸進的。覺醒後的異議人士出現「對話性異議」和「對抗性異議」2種激烈程度不同的表達方式。另外，在意識結構中此種覺醒會經歷一系列時間性與空間性的變型，此種變型與異議人士的存在處境密切相關。

This study explores the awakening process and existential structure of dissidents in mainland China who dared to openly criticize the authorities on a regular basis. It employs the existential phenomenological method, conducting telephone interviews and text analysis with 12 dissidents in mainland China. The findings reveal that dissidents undergo three processes of self-and-world emergence, which trigger“awakening”and“political coming out”. This process is not sudden but gradual. After awakening, Chinese dissidents give rise to two tendencies:“interactive dissidence”and“oppositional dissidence”. Furthermore, within the structure of consciousness, a series of temporal and spatial transformations occur, which are closely tied to the existential circumstances of dissidents.