爭奪未來：阿提米絲計畫與美中太空競逐

Competing for the Future: The Artemis Program and the U.S.–China Space Race

美東時間今（2026）年4月11日清晨，美國太空總署（NASA）「阿提米絲2號」（Artemis II）任務的獵戶座（Orion）太空船，順利在加州外海濺落，4名太空人平安重返地球；在這趟旅程中，「阿提米絲2號」組員成功打破多年來由阿波羅13號保持的人類最遠太空飛行紀錄。

In recent years, Chinese capital has actively acquired land surrounding Japan’s Self-Defense Force bases, nuclear facilities, and remote border islands, raising significant national security concerns. These investments have moved beyond the realm of economic activity and have increasingly become channels for grayzone infiltration and intelligence operations, transforming land from a commercial asset into a geopolitical tool that affects military readiness, political autonomy, and institutional security. In 2021, Japan enacted the Act on the Review and Regulation of the Use of Real Estate Surrounding Important Facilities and on Remote Territorial Islands to place such transactions under regulatory scrutiny. However, the framework remains predominantly ex post, lacking prior review mechanisms and effective interagency coordination, thereby limiting its preventive capacity. Employing a comparative analytical approach, this study examines the U.S.’s CFIUS, Australia’s FIRB, and Japan’s land security framework to identify how the Japan’s legal culture and administrative architecture are the structural sources of Japan’s delayed institutional response. The findings suggest that democracies must develop forwardlooking, transparent, and well-integrated regulatory mechanisms that balance market openness with national security in order to enhance institutional resilience against gray-zone activities.