澎湖菓葉A遺址史前陶片的切片岩象學及陶土溯源研究

Thin-section Petrographic Analysis and Provenance Study of Early Neolithic Pottery from the Kuo-yeh A Site, Penghu Islands

菓葉A遺址為澎湖群島上新石器時代早期的代表性遺址。本文分析該遺址1984年出土陶片，依口緣形式、質地和紋飾分為兩類風格迥異的陶器，兩類陶也具有不同的陶土特性與來源。
紅褐色夾砂陶（第I類）是主流陶器，所見多為直侈斜敞極短口陶罐，部分施有紅色彩繪。陶土中常見石英砂，其中少量與玄武岩相關成分說明本類陶與澎湖具有地緣關係，大量與花崗岩有關的成分則指示陶土來源是島上未固結的中新世砂泥地層。本類夾石英砂陶器是史前澎湖在夾貝殼砂陶器之外的另一種在地製作的陶器。
橙紅色泥質陶（第II類）數量較少，以唇位帶折形脊陶罐較為常見，另有直侈斜敞罐口。口部常見平行直線刻畫紋是重要特徵，未見施有彩繪。泥質陶土中所夾少量粗顆粒砂岩屑說明本類陶是在臺灣西南部製造之後輸入澎湖的外來陶器。本遺址還有一件灰褐色夾砂、唇緣飾齒刻紋的特殊陶罐口緣，夾砂成分以砂岩屑為主，也是來自臺灣西南部的外來陶器。
據此本文提出在新石器時代早期，澎湖群島和臺灣西南部人群分別以具有在地特色的陶土製作出不同型制風格的陶器，當時除了有大批陶器和玄武岩質石器自澎湖輸出至臺灣西南部之外，也有臺灣製作的陶器反向輸入澎湖，說明兩地之間物質交流在數量上雖不對等，但也非單向輸送的運作模式。

Kuo-yeh A is a representative site of the early Neolithic Period in Penghu Islands. Based on the study of pottery sherds excavated in 1984, there are two types of pottery identified by the characteristics of rim form, fabric, and decoration. The result of thin-section petrographic analysis reveals that these two types of pottery are different in paste and corresponding provenances respectively.
Type I, the majority in the assemblage, consists mainly of reddish-brown quartz-tempered jars with an everted short rim. Some are decorated in red paint. A few basalt-related components in the paste demonstrate its local relationship in basaltic rocks that dominate in the islands. However, the considerable granite-related components imply that the clay is sourced from the outcrops of unconsolidated Miocene granite-derived clastic sedimentary stratum. As the shell-tempered pottery mentioned in Lin et al. (2022), this quartz-tempered pottery is another type of local product in prehistoric Penghu.
The examples of Type II, the orange fine-paste pottery, are relatively few in number and consist mainly of jars with an everted thick or beveled rim. This pottery type is marked by the common occurrence of incised parallel lines on rims, but no colored paint has been observed. The few coarse sandstone grains in the paste suggest that the pottery was made in southwestern Taiwan and then imported to here. Additionally, a single grayish-brown sandstone-tempered rim of a jar decorated with tooth-imprints on the lip is also considered product imported from southwestern Taiwan.
Based on these records, we suggest that the Early Neolithic population in Penghu and southwestern Taiwan tapped into local resources to manufacture pottery objects of distinct forms and styles. A large number of pottery and basaltic tools made in Penghu were sent to southwestern Taiwan in that period while a few pottery vessels produced in Taiwan were transported to Penghu. These exchanges, though unequal in volume, evidence bilateral transportation of objects between the two regions during the early Neolithic period.