道路的隱或顯與變化中的隘寮群魯凱森林靈性實踐

The Hidden or Revealed Paths and Changing Forest Spirituality Practices of the Ailiao Rukai

隘寮群魯凱（或稱西魯凱）傳統以來所認定的森林及其範圍，與當代來自林業管理單位以及學術專業角度之分類有所不同。譬如依建造或更新方式進行分類的天然林、原始林、次生林、人工林；或根據所有權加以區分的國有林、公有林及私有林。前述科技官僚視點下的各種森林分類，顯示著人類對於森林的運用、管理、經營或依賴的不同動機、興趣，以及與之呼應的「森林」構念和含藏的價值信念。與此相對，藉助有形、可見的路徑，或無形、非實質通道，隘寮群魯凱大霧台區的在地族人，以往可能可以去到或到不了自身所屬的傳統森林區。能否去到或到達不了，相當程度繫於此處森林之屬性及其具有的精神靈性。然而，連結該區域之現代道路的構建，帶來路徑網絡的更迭及重組，加諸當代生態科學治理思維的導入，使得傳統山林時時被納入現代森林的範疇之內，傳統靈性實踐因此亦產生轉變。由道路本身及其關係性本體，相當能夠去指認轉變的隘寮群魯凱傳統森林靈性實踐。

The forests and their extents traditionally recognized by the Ailiao Rukai (or West Rukai) differ from the classifications used by forestry management agencies and academic professionals. In contemporary forestry, forests are categorized based on their characteristics–such as natural forests (including primary and secondary forests) and artificial forests–or by ownership, such as national, public, and private forests. These classifications reflect technocratic perspectives shaped by distinct motives, interests, and corresponding“forest”concepts and inherent value systems related to forest use, management, governance, or reliance. In contrast, the understanding of forests of the local Ailiao Rukai people in the Wutai area is tied to their ability (both physical and spiritual) to access these spaces via tangible paths or intangible routes. Whether a forest area could be reached depended not only on its physical characteristics but also on its spiritual significance. However, the construction of modern roads connecting the area has brought about the reorganization and transformation of the local path network. This, coupled with the introduction of scientific ecological concept of governance, have progressively integrated the traditional mountain forest areas into the framework of modern forestry. Consequently, traditional spiritual practices associated with these forests have also undergone changes. These roads and their relational ontology can serve as markers of the transformation of traditional forest spiritual practices of the Ailiao Rukai.