時間使用流行病學在身體活動研究的發展與應用

Development and application of time-use epidemiology in physical activity research

時間使用流行病學是一個新興且具廣泛應用潛力的研究領域，主要關注健康相關時間使用模式的盛行率、發生率、決定因素、分布及其對健康的影響。該領域旨在預防不健康的時間分配行為，並為制定促進全民健康的最佳策略提供科學依據。其研究範疇涵蓋身體活動、靜態行為與睡眠三個關鍵元素，這些行為係日常時間分配的主要成分，並對健康產生深遠影響。與傳統身體活動研究不同，時間使用流行病學強調健康相關行為之間的相互作用，採用24小時整體視角，深入分析這些行為對健康的獨立影響與綜合效應，從而更全面揭示不同時間使用模式與健康的關係。隨著加速度計、智慧手錶等穿戴式技術的快速發展，及資料蒐集和分析方法的進步，時間使用流行病學研究變得更加全面與精確，為探討不同時間使用模式與健康之間的複雜關係提供全新的契機，使其在身體活動研究中扮演愈發重要的角色。本文探討了時間使用流行病學在身體活動研究領域的發展與應用，涵蓋其基本概念、發展歷程及應用展望，並對其未來發展方向進行綜合總結。本文為研究者提供了堅實的理論基礎與全新的研究視角，有助於在身體活動研究中更深入理解與健康相關的時間使用模式。

Time-use epidemiology is an emerging research field with extensive potential applications. It examines the prevalence, incidence, determinants, and distribution of health-related time-use patterns, as well as their impact on overall health and well-being. The primary goal of time-use epidemiology is to prevent unhealthy time allocation and provide scientific evidence to guide the development of effective strategies for promoting public health. The scope of time-use epidemiology encompasses three key components: physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. These behaviors constitute the main elements of an individual's daily time allocation and play a significant role in shaping both individual and population-level health outcomes. Unlike traditional research that typically examines the association between physical activity and health outcomes in isolation, time-use epidemiology adopts a more holistic approach. By employing a comprehensive 24-hour framework, it emphasizes the interplay between various health-related behaviors, analyzing their independent and combined effects on health. This integrated perspective enables researchers to uncover the complex and multifaceted relationships between different time-use patterns and diverse health outcomes. With the rapid advancement of wearable technologies, such as accelerometers and smartwatches, along with significant improvements in data collection and analysis methods, research on time-use epidemiology has become increasingly precise and comprehensive. These technological developments allow researchers to collect high-resolution data on daily behaviors, enabling them to identify patterns and nuances that were previously difficult to detect. As a result, new opportunities have emerged to explore the dynamic interactions between time allocation and its effects on health. This article explores the development and applications of time-use epidemiology within the domain of physical activity research. It examines the foundational concepts, historical evolution, and current advancements in the field while providing insights into its future directions. This study provides a robust theoretical framework and innovative perspectives for researchers, facilitating a deeper understanding of health-related timeuse patterns in the context of physical activity research.