形式主義和反形式主義的憲法概念

Constitutional Concepts of Formalism and Anti-formalism

第一次世界大戰前公法學的形式主義造成了憲法實質價值內涵的喪失。自戰爭以來，人們試圖克服形式主義憲法概念並恢復憲法的價值內涵，但由於未能遵循正確的途徑，所以治絲益棼。經由對成文憲法史的考察可以發現，正確的憲法概念與成文憲法保障公民權利和自由免受國家權力恣意侵害密不可分。忽視憲法概念所固有的憲法的具體價值意圖構成了戰前公法學理論思維錯誤的全部根源，並加劇了術語的模糊性。施密特實證憲法觀不僅未能克服形式主義，且其本身並不符合歷史現實，甚至是有害的。

TheformalismofpublicjurisprudencebeforetheFirstWorldWarresultedinthelossofthesubstantivevaluecontentoftheConstitution,Sincethewar,at-temptshavebeenmadetoovercometheformalistconceptoftheConstitutionandtorestoreitsvaluecontent.However,thefailuretofollowtherightpathhasresultedinconceptionoftheconstitutionisinextricablylinkedtothewrittenconstitution'ssafeguardingofcivilrightsandlibertiesagainstarbitraryinfringementbystatepower.Ignoringthespecificvalueintentoftheconstitutioninherentintheconceptoftheconstitutionconstitutestheentiresourceoftheerrorsoftheoreticalthinkinginpre-warpublicjurisprudenceandexacerbatestheambiguityoftheterminology.NotonlydidSchmidt'sempiricalviewofconstitutionallawfailtoovercomeformalism,butitwasitselfinconsistentwithhistoricalrealityandharmful.