落空費用賠償：現狀審視與化解方案研究

Compensation for Frustrated Expenses: Research on the Current Situation Examination and Resolution Schemes

我國雖然對於落空費用賠償請求權給予認可，但是對其認識並不全面，主要表現在兩個方面：在理論層面，研究側重於“落空費用賠償請求權”的正當性構造，對於制度發展歷程以及適用細節欠缺細緻的梳理與探討；在司法實踐層面，對於適用範圍以及賠償範圍認識有偏差，導致司法實踐中費用賠償範圍出現爭議。為克服上述不足，本文首先詳細介紹了德國落空費用賠償請求權的演進歷程，化解認識不全面的難題。其次，強調落空費用賠償的適用範圍，主要在於救濟履行利益難以計算的債權人，並不能不加限制地適用于侵權責任領域。最後，為了化解費用賠償範圍不明確的問題，分析了落空費用賠償的構成要件：符合替代給付損害賠償請求權的要件；因信賴合同履行支出合理費用；費用支出的目的落空以及不存在債務人的抗辯。並對費用賠償範圍的限制條件，信賴的正當性與費用支出的合理性進行詳細的分析。

AlthoughChinahasrecognizedtherighttoclaimcompensationforfrustratedexpenses,itsunderstandingofitisnotcomprehensive,mainlymanifestedintwoaspects.Atthetheoreticallevel,researchhasfocusedonthelegitimacyconstructionofthe"righttoclaimcompensationforfrustratedexpenses",whilelackingdetailedsortingoutanddiscussiononthedevelopmentprocessofthesystemandthedetailsofitsapplication.Injudicialpractice,therearedeviationsintheunderstandingofthescopeofapplicationandthescopeofcompensation,whichhasledtodisputesinjudicialpractice.Toovercometheabovedeficiencies,firstofall,theevolutionaryprocessoftheGermanrighttoclaimcompensationforfrustratedexpensesisintroducedindetailtosolvetheproblemofincompleteunderstanding.Secondly,thescopeofapplicationofcompensationforfrustratedexpensesisemphasized,Itismainlytorelievecreditorswhoseperformanceinterestsaredifficulttocalculateandcannotbeappliedunrestrictedlyinthefieldoftortliability.Finally,inordertoresolvetheproblemoftheunclearscopeofexpensecompensation,theconstituentelementsofcompensationforfrustratedexpensesareanalyzed.Theyarerespectivelymeetingtherequirementsoftherighttoclaimcompensationfordamagesinlieuofperformance:reasonablyincurringexpensesinrelianceontheperformanceofthecon-tract;thepurposeoftheexpenseincurrencebeingfrustrated;andtheabsenceofthedebtor'sdefenses.Andadetailedanalysisiscarriedoutontherestrictiveconditionsforthescopeofexpensecompensation,namelythelegitimacyofrelianceandtherationalityofexpenseincurrence.