清初唱酬詩析論

Analysis of the courtesy poems of the early Qing dynasty

所謂唱酬詩，泛指文人因應各種社交場合，例如唱和、讓遊、贈別、題畫、壽慶、哀軟等所寫的詩。清人吳喬曾慨然旨出：「詩壞於明，明詩又壞於應酬。」綜觀清初各家詩集，「酬贈」、「唱酬」、「酬應」之作蔚然成風，成為各家詩集共同具有的成分，此似研究清初詩壇風尚時不能不留意的現象之一。本文所要探討的重點主要有三，其一，影響清初唱酬詩作盛行的時代背景為何？其二，清初唱酬詩作在詩體、詩題、用韻、內容等方面有哪些特色？其三，唱酬詩的普及，對於當時的詩歌選本造成什麼樣的影響？而選家又如何藉由選詩來達到交遊結納的目的？希望藉由本文的探討，能對清初唱酬詩的價值，以及唱酬詩所以有負面的評價，作深入的詮釋與說解，並透過文人交遊唱酬之舉，具體勾勒出清初詩壇的聲氣標榜之習。

So-called courtesy poem is that the literati did the poem in order to deal with any kind of social intercourse. Wu Chiao, who is the literati in1he Qing, has criticized the Ming poems were engaged in too much socializing elements so that lacked the sincere contents. However; extensive socialization made plenty of poems become the courtesy poems; this phenomenon consisted not only in the Ming but also in the Qing. The courtesy poems became a main part of poets' works that is important phenomenon for researching on the Qing poems. This thesis will discuss three points: First, what is the background of prevailing courtesy poems of the Qing? Secondly what are the features of the courtesy poems in the early Qing? Thirdly, what would the prevailing courtesy poems effect the anthology in that time? Hope to via this discussion will improve understanding of the courtesy poems of the early Qing.