蘇軾〈灩澦堆賦〉考──兼論其變化之辭賦風格及不移之政治風範

A Study on Su-Shih's Yan Yu Duei Fu–Also a Commentary on his Diverse Writing Styles and Persistent Statesmanship

〈灩澦堆賦〉是蘇軾文集首卷的第一篇作品，也是蘇軾現今傳世最早的一篇賦作。難能可貴的是這篇青年時期的作品，並非用蘇軾習作多年精熟的律賦來寫作，而是用新的體裁──文賦來呈現，不僅能融敘事、寫景、抒懷、說理於一文，其散文化、平易化的情形也十分鮮明，是蘇軾「因物賦形」「千變萬化」辭賦風格的代表作之一；這篇賦不惟構思新異，更表現了蘇軾不盲從他人，敢於獨標新見的精神，而「灩澦堆」孤城不摧的精神氣勢，正是蘇軾這一位北宋政壇中流砥柱的投射，「灩澦堆」可視為蘇軾從政不師不隨、立場堅定，獨立不移的精神象徵。

Yan Yu Duei Fu is the first piece of work compiled in the Literary Collection of Su-Shih, and it is also Su-Shih's earliest ever found work of Fu. What highlights this prose created in Su-Shih's youth is its new form ⎯Wen-Fu. Different from his later sophisticated Lu-Fu style, it is a combination of narrative, descriptive, sentimental and argumentative writing, and its prose form and easy to read characteristic vividly represents Su-Shih's flexible and diverse writing styles of Tsu and Fu. This prose is not only composed with originality but it also shows Su-Shih's independent character and novel ideas without conformism. Moreover, the isolated but indestructible Yan Yu Duei symbolizes Su-Shih's integrity, which is a mainstay in the troubled political currents of the Northern Sung Dynasty. Yan Yu Duei can be deemed a spiritual symbol of Su-Shih's firm political stance and independent statesmanship.