朱熹詩中的山林意趣

The Joy of Being In Nature In Chu Shi's Poetry

「仕」、「隱」兩種人生價值的選擇，一直是中國士大夫既有的生命道路。總觀朱熹現存的詩歌作品，可知朱熹的生命型態是傾向於「退隱」的認取，多過於「出仕」的追求。本文摘取朱熹有關自然山林的詩篇，予以討論：一、「優游山林之樂」，朱熹詩作中近十分之一的比例，是描寫他遊覽山林的作品，本文將從其中窺看其居鄉講學四十年的歲月裡，幽居鄉野的生活情趣。二、「隱逸山林之心」，此一小節是論述朱熹親近自然山林，並非只是愛好風月雲泉的清美意境而已，他尚且是以山林做為其安頓身心的永恆領域。再者，朱黨選擇退隱山林的生活形式，除卻是特意背離當時主政者採取苟且求和的政治路線之外，回歸山林，其實也是契合他生命本質的道路。三、「自然山林即道之展現的體悟」，是從朱熹觀照自然山林的詩篇，分析其「體道」的恆定意義；此外，朱熹詩中「體道」的「理趣」，也可以做為他理學成就上的一個重要的補充說明。

'Participation” and ''seclusion'' have long been two possible options for Chinese intelligentsia. Studying the overall pattern of Chu Shi's poetry, we can say that Chu Shi's was more reclusive than participatory. The fact provides the foundation for the study of several of his poems concerning nature. The first, ''The joy of wandering in the woods, '' explores the joy of life he experienced when he taught and lived in rural areas. The second, ''A reclusive heart, '' addresses some of the reasons why he found solace in nature's seclusion as symbols of not only beauty, but also eternity. Chu Shi's reclusive life also had its practical advantages as well when governors conspired with enemies and left open a most valuable avenue for him to explore and expound upon his philosophies of life. The third, “Nature, the representation of Tao, '' provides his interpretation of Tao that he comprehended through nature. In addition, his interpretation of Tao presented in his poetry is an important source for people to justify his academic achievement.