評《詩人玉屑》述推陳出新與自得自到——兼論印本寫本之傳播與接受

“Inspiration and Self-motivation” in Shih-jen Yü-hsieh: The Development and Acceptance of Written and Printed Publications

宋人生唐後，為學唐、變唐、新唐、拓唐，多致力推陳出新，追求古所未有。於是學唐變唐之餘，著書立說，往往詳人之所略，而異人之所同。推波助瀾此種文風思潮者，為雕版印刷崛起繁榮，圖書流通便捷多元。尤其印本圖書有「易成、難毀、節費、便藏」諸利多，又有化身千萬，無遠弗屆諸優勢，於是促成宋代詩話筆記之大量出現。宋人詩思既致力創造性思維，說詩品詩又好言創意與造語，宋詩特色不同於唐詩，宋型文化殊異於唐型文化，圖書傳媒效應自是其中關鍵。宋型文化具有競爭超勝之意識，富含創造開拓之精神，亦與宋代之圖書傳播、接受反饋密切相關。宋末魏慶之《詩人玉屑》二十卷，徵引北宋元祐以來之詩話筆記，雖述而不作，然宋代詩學之傳播與接受，得以考見。今就圖書傳播與接受反饋之觀點，借鏡印刷文化史之研究，以考察宋人之新創與超勝。以《詩人玉屑》為主要文本，分二端論述宋人之創意與造語：其一，以「忌隨人後，務去陳言」為進階；其二，以「自得自到，自成一家」為極致。此或寫本與印本競妍爭輝，所生發之傳媒效應。

After the Tang （唐）Dynasty, the people of Sung（宋）aim to transfigure, reinvent, and instigate the literary tradition of the past. What came along with this trend was the expansion of academic establishments──many of which stand out as unique and distinctive. Similarly, the printing industry strived on such appreciation for poetry; and as a result the publication of books were “easily produced, scarcely damaged, low in cost, effortlessly preserved.” The poetry of Sung depends heavily on the poet’s creativity; therefore, the culture difference between Tang and Sung lead to dissimilarities in their literary style. The integration of the media effect into Sung literature is one of these dissimilarities. Moreover, the culture of Sung Dynasty had been more competitive in want for originality, which has much to do with the circulation of book publication as well as the readers’ acceptance and feedback. In the twentieth volume of Wei Qing-zhi’s （魏慶之）Shih-jen Yü-hsieh（《詩人玉屑》）, the Sung style of poetry composition provides abundant textual evidence in terms of analyzing the influence of reader feedback. In this paper, by examining the relation between the production of manuscripts and its public acceptance, I aim to study how, in Shih-jen Yü-hsieh, the poets of Sung demonstrate their interest in achieving two major goals: to “avoid repetition and clichés,” and more importantly, to write with “inspiration and self-motivation.” This phenomenon may be a consequence of the rivalry between hand-written and printing manuscripts; or an outcome of sheer media promotion and advertising.