晚清女作家小說中的女性行旅：以顧太清、王妙如、邵振華、黃翠凝之小說為例

Late Qing Women's Outgoing and Travelling: Using Fiction of Gu Taiqing, Wang Miaoru, Shao Zhenhua and Huang Cuining as Examples

小說裡面描述的女性人物，雖然經常以現實婦女為基型，但是經過作者筆下塑造，所呈現出來的，往往已非現實的原貌，而是雜揉了作者主觀意識與認知的女性形象。透過小說的女性形象，於是也有可能考察到作者對婦女的認知與理解。女作家在小說中所營造的女性人物，同樣承載了女作家對婦女的認知與理解，除了可藉以觀察到女作家的婦女觀，也有可能觀察到女作家對自己性別身份的認知與意識。晚清時期（1840-1911），是中國女權運動的發軔期。由於廢纏足、興女學等主張的推行，中國婦女有機會逐漸擺脫深重的傳統束縛，獲得接受正式教育的機會，也獲得走出閨閣、參與公共事務與拓展自我的機會。婦女的出外與游歷，成為社會上討論的話題，婦女的行動自由，逐漸取得越來越寬廣的幅圍。本文擬透過晚清時期四位女作家，即顧太清、王妙如、邵振華、黃翠寧等人的小說，觀察其中所呈現的婦女行動自由情形，藉由小說所描述的女性人物之外出與游歷，探討女作家對於婦女行動的主張或認知，據此觀察在女權興發前後，女作家自身的行動意識，並檢驗女權運動所帶來的認知轉變，如果可能，還會進一步審視女作家的認知與實際行動之間，是否有何落差。

We know the female characters in novels are often formed according to women in the real world. However, what is presented is usually not the actual shape but the one mingled with the writer’s subjective consciousness and cognition. Through the female images in novels, we can perceive the writer’s cognition and understanding toward women. The female characters in the women writer’s novels also reveal the women writer’s cognition and understanding toward women. In addition to observing the women writer’s outlook on women, we can also observe the women writer’s cognition and consciousness toward her own gender and identity. The late Qing Dynasty is the initial stage of feminist movement. Owing to the practice of abolishing foot-binding and establishing schools for women, Chinese women have the good chance to get rid of heavy traditional bondage and receive formal education. Also the chance to step out of the boudoir, take part in public affairs and expand their true selves. Women’s outgoing and travelling become a social hot topic and the range of their movement freedom gets wider and wider. Through the novels of the four women writers: Gu Taiqing, Wang Miaoru, Shao Zhenhua and Huang Cuining, this article tries to observe what is revealed about the situation of women’s movement freedom and investigate women writer’s cognition and advocacy toward female movement so as to know women writer’s self movement consciousness before and after the flourishing period of feminism and inspect the changes of cognition resulting from feminist movement. If possible, whether there is a clear drop between the women writer’s cognition and her actual action will be further examined.