翁方綱《石洲詩話》論宋詩宋調——以蘇軾、黃庭堅詩為核心

Shi-Zhou Shihua on Song Poetry and Song Diao: Cases on Su Shi and Huang Ting-Jian

清代乾嘉宗宋詩話論述宋詩特色、唐宋詩異同，約有十餘家。本文選擇翁方綱《石洲詩話》作為主要之研究文本，討論其中攸關蘇軾、黃庭堅，以及唐宋詩異同之文獻。翁方綱以蘇齋名其書房，《石洲詩話》極肯定蘇軾詩，品題為一代詩人之冠冕，稱其用韻變化，屬對奇特；魄力雄大，生氣迥出；更推崇鍛冶之功、格調之高、使事之妙。同時，標榜黃庭堅詩之高、大、深、新，鍛煉勤苦，以為繼往開來，源遠流長。尤其揭示唐宋詩之異同，謂唐詩興象超妙，妙境在虛處；宋詩刻抉入裏，妙境在實處。談理至宋人而精，說部至宋人而富，詩則至宋而益加細。宋人之學全在研理日精，觀書日富，因而論事日密。史傳所不及載，借詩足資考證。凡所論述，與肌理說「文求實際，詩本質厚」，以學問為詩，以古人為師，可以相得益彰。其他，品題吳之振《宋詩鈔》之得失，批評明清詩話說宋詩之是非，多有可取。凡此，在在昭顯肌理說之要義。繆鉞述「唐宋詩異同」，錢鍾書說「詩分唐宋」，亦將因此而獲得更有力之佐證。

I use Weng Fang-Gang’s Shi-Zhou Shihua as the main text, and then search the content related to Su Shi, Huang Ting-Jian and the difference and similarities between Tang and Song poetry. Hereby, it shows how the pro-Song shihuas, written in Qianlong and Jiaqing dynasties, demonstrate the characteristics of Song poetry and the difference and similarities between Tang and Song poetry. Shi-Zhou Shihua highly praises Su, who uses allusions innovatively, as the best poet in Song dynasty. It also admires Huang’s works for its loftiness, vastness, deepness, freshness and learning from the past and creating the future. Above all, it uncovers that Tang poetry portraits images ingeniously and Song’s discourses things rationally. Song poets develop the skills of argument, the collection of novels and the subtlety of poems. The virtue of Song’s studies bases on plenty of reading and sophisticated analysis, leading to discussing things in detail. For this reason, we could find historical evidence in the poems, which may not be recorded in the authorized history. In addition, by way of commenting Wu Zhi-Zhen’s Song Shi-Chao, and criticizing the gain and loss of shihuas in Ming and Qing dynasties on Song poetry, would promote better understanding for Weng’s “Chi-Li.” Whether how shihuas in Qianlong and Jiaqing dynasties interpret the traits of Song poetry, it helps us evaluate the status of Song poetry and Song style in the history of Chinese literature, as well as Miao Yue’s “the difference and similarities between Tang and Song poetry” and Qian Zhong-Shu’s “demarcation between Tang and Song Poetry.”