程晉芳與翁方綱之交遊與論學

The friendship and discussions between Cheng Jinfang and Wong Fanggang

本文以程晉芳與翁方綱的交遊為基礎，分析二人的學術討論內涵，並對相關論述的部分疑問作釐清。雖然清代文獻中對二人的記述，都偏重與考據學風相合的部分，但據本文分析，二人私交篤厚、學術觀點相契者，更在於與考據學風相異的重視宋學、義理及程朱思想等部分，二人因而對乾嘉嗜博的金石學及考據風氣，有所思考與批判；對於今人盛讚為考據學代表成就的古文《尚書》辨偽，亦持不同的觀點。雖然與時風不同，但二人之相知相契，使他們於強勢的考據學風氣中，仍能保有獨立的思考，並免於深沈的寂寞，可與戴震及章學誠的交遊並觀，並可由此見出乾嘉時期學術內涵之多元面貌。

Based on the friendship that existed between Cheng Jinfang and Weng Fanggang, this article analyzes the intellectual debate that occurred between them, clarifying a number of outstanding questions regarding their discussions. Qing documents concerning these two tended to focus on the Kaoju (Evidential Learning) aspects of their study. In contrast to this general impression, this article reveals how their close relationship and acquaintance with scholarship was based on the Songxue (Song Study) tradition, Yili (moral obligation) and Cheng-Zhu thought, which differed quite significantly from Kaoju learning. Based on these considerations, Cheng and Weng reflected upon and criticized the Qianjia tradition of epigraphy and philology. They even offered different and unique positions regarding the controversy around examinations into earlier falsifications of parts of the Shangshu, investigative work which is generally viewed today as one of the brightest achievement of Qianjia philology. Though they offered views that differed significantly from the dominant Kaoju trends of the time, it was because of their familiarity with each other that Cheng and Weng could maintain their scholarly independence without becoming deeply isolated. Their interactions help us understand the complex and multi-faceted nature of Qianjia academic debates, and offer a rich case-study for comparison with other scholarly relationships of the time, such as that which existed between Dai Zhen and Zhang Xuecheng.