從康熙南巡到季麒光宦遊——論清初臺灣園林／寓望園〈書齋八景〉之書寫語境

From Kangxi’s Southern Tours to Chi Ch'i Kuang’s Official Posting–On the Compositional Context of Eight-Views from the Study in the Early Qing Dynasty

康熙二十三年（1684），臺灣正式納入清帝國版圖。季麒光（1634-1702），江蘇無錫人，來臺擔任首任諸羅縣令，留下具有濃厚江南韻味的園林書寫，其中，〈寓望園／書齋八景〉詩堪稱〈臺灣八景〉詩之濫觴：本文揭櫫季麒光宦臺遊覽／視察路線及其〈寓望園記〉、〈書齋八景〉書寫，正分別構成後來〈臺灣八景〉之外緣與內因，而前此與稍後亦是康熙首度及二度南巡、駐蹕於江南園林中，且題詠不輟的時刻。凡此，康熙南巡與季麒光宦遊，正是清初兩條不約而同通往江南園林的重要途徑。某種程度而言，江南的中國園林及江南之南的臺灣園林皆經歷「春風又綠江南岸」——由「殘山剩水」轉變成為「青山綠水」的過程，而其如何藉由實際舉措與書寫產生此番變貌，又，中國江南園林帝景與臺灣江南園林地景之間，究竟生發何種微妙的語境與可能的辯證關係，甚或產生共同構築大清帝國新秩序的嶄新詮釋空間，皆為本文探索與掘發之重點。

In 1684 (23rd reign year of the Kangxi Emperor), Taiwan officially became part of the territory of the Qing Empire. Chi Ch'i Kuang (1634-1702), a native of Wuxi （無錫）, Jiangsu（江蘇）Province, came to Taiwan to serve as the first county magistrate of Zhuluo（諸羅）. During his time in Taiwan he left behind garden writings imbued with a strong sensibility from the Jiangnan region（江南韻味）. Among them, Records of Yu Wang Garden〈寓望園記〉and Eight-View Poems from the Study〈書齋八景詩〉have been called the beginning of Taiwan's eight-view poetry tradition. This article examines Chi Ch'i Kuang’s official tour and the itinerary he followed, while also providing an examination of these two works in order to distinguish the external factors and internal causes that gave rise to later iterations of “eight-view” poetry in Taiwan, particularly Gao Gongqian’s Eight Views of Taiwan〈台灣八景〉.
Interestingly, just before and after Chi Chi’Kuang’s tour, Kangxi performed his first and second southern tours, where he stayed in Jiangnan gardens, continuously producing poetry to note his experiences. All-together, the writings that emerged from Kangxi’s southern tours and the Chi Ch'i Kuang official tour are two important early-Qing routes through which to reach the poetic invocation of gardens built in the Jiangnan style. To a certain extent, the Chinese gardens in Jiangnan and the Taiwanese gardens (located, of course, to the south of the Yangtze River) have experienced the process of “spring winds again turn south of the river green” – the process of changing from “the reduced territories of a nation” to “green hills and blue waters.” This article will explore the actual journeys and related writings that have produced these changes. It will probe the subtle context and possible dialectical relationship that exists between the Jiangnan-style garden landscape of Kangxi (found in China) and the Jiangnan-style garden landscape of Chi Chi’i Kuang (found in Taiwan), and particularly how both of these instances of garden poetics worked collectively to construct a novel interpretive space for the new political order of the Qing state.