「病體」重讀「李卓吾」——「棄髮」與「癖潔」中的身體經驗

Reviewing“ Li Zhuo-Wu” through “Ill Body”: Body Experience in “Hair Abandoning” and “Mysophobia”

本文將以李卓吾「六十二歲」的剃髮事件為觀察點，導出其中罕為人論的「病體」之祟。從而解讀隱含在李卓吾身上，有關「棄髮」和「癖潔」的身體經驗和精神編碼，並思考他如何在「黑暗」中尋覓「清淨」之道。筆者認為，李卓吾以「棄髮」活動，建構出追求個人身體自由的話語外，更展現出某種黑暗、痛苦的身體觀。值得注意的是，時人也分別通過該事件，各取所需地對「李卓吾」這個話語進行建構。與「棄髮」緊密相關的傳聞，是李卓吾的「癖潔」。本文藉由相關研究和文獻耙梳，認為卓吾的「癖潔」，並不只是一般意義的潔癖而已，而是種「強迫症」的症狀。該症讓李卓吾的身體，成為一種「被染污」、「被限制」的「病體」。在這樣的身體經驗下，他企圖藉由「清淨」、「高潔」等理想的尋覓，以超脫這個污濁的世界。卓吾尋覓的「清淨國土」，是矛盾的所在。它見在於「心」中，卻「身」中不在。

Based on the event: head shaving of Li Zhuo-Wu at his age of 62, the study is trying to describe the worship of “ill body”, which was rarely mentioned, interpreting Li Zhuo-Wu’s body experience of “hair abandoning” and “mysophobia” as well as his spiritual code, to think the way how he was looking for the “pureness” in the “darkness”. Li Zhuo-Wu constructed a discourse about the pursuit of personal body freedom, and revealed a type of the dark and painful concept of body through the action “hair abandoning”. It is worthy of note that present people are also trying to construct the discourse “Li Zhuo-Wu” for their own need through the event mentioned above. The rumor closely related to “hair abandoning” is Li Zhuo-Wu’s “mysophobia”. By reviewing the researches and documents relative to the subject, we tend to regard Li Zhuo-Wu’s “mysophobia” as a symptom of “obsessive-compulsive disorder（OCD）” instead of its general meaning. The symptom made the body of Li Zhuo-Wu a “polluted” and “limited” ill body”. In this body experience, he was attempting to go beyond the grimy world by searching for the ideals as “pureness” and “virtuousness”. It’s a pity that the “pure land” of Zhuo-Wu is also a paradox. It exists in the “mind” rather than “body”.