評《詩人玉屑》述詩家造語——以創意之詩思為核心

The Structure of Poetics in Shih-jen Yü-hsieh: The Art of Creativity and Imagination

南宋魏慶之《詩人玉屑》纂述《六一詩話》以來諸家詩話、筆記、文集、日記以成書，去取予奪之際，自有別識心裁，堪稱宋代詩話「論詩及辭」之集成。其中卷六述及詩家造語，可見宋代詩學追求「意新語工」之大凡。今統合全書，類聚群分，從創意思維切入，考評《詩人玉屑》所述創意性之造語。其層面有四：其一，識見：分立志須高、入門須正述說；其二，良方：新奇組合，不犯正位皆屬之。其三，策略有四：曰新奇、變態、陌生、警策，貴能生新變異，自得自到。其四，境界亦有四端：曰和諧、自然、圓美、超詣，貴在和而不同、執兩用中而已。由此觀之，宋人有如是之創造性詩思，故於學習唐詩優長、出入諸家，汲取典範之餘，方能變唐、新唐、發唐、拓唐，自成一家，而蔚為宋詩之特色。郭紹虞《宋詩話考》稱：「宋人談詩，要之均強調藝術技巧」，亦由此可見。

In（《宋詩話考》）（郭紹虞）had stated that “for Sung poets, what is emphasized on most it is art and writing technique.” In Shih-jen Yü-hsieh（《詩人玉屑》）, poet Wei Qing-zhi（魏慶之）of the Southern Sung Dynasty elaborates on how, in（《六一詩話》） the notes and poems of Sung artists aim to stand out from its contempories by pursuing an “innovative style” it its art form. In this paper, by looking into the creative and imaginative elements of Shih-jen Yü-hsieh, four characteristic can be soughtz──first, “its theme must be pious, and the author’s intention must be clear”; on terms of its structure, “originality is essential, yet one must not violate the rules of formation”. On its creative aspect, “transfiguration, alienation, paradoxes, and ground-breaking inventions earn highest critical respect”; last, the fluidity of its language must be “harmonious, natural, polished, and evocative”──such brings out the beauty of a poem to its fullest. From the mentions above, it is conclusive that, for Sung poets what is needed most is the ability to compose imaginatively; hence by learning the advantages of Tang poems, they are given access to “convert, reinvent, develop, and revolutionize ” the poetics of Tang literature as a means to create a new and unique style of Sung poetry.