楊晉菴氣論及其意義

The Significance and Theory of Jin-An Yang's Qi

晚明楊晉菴出身北方王門，在晚明王學離心復性的思潮基礎上，引入非心學主流概念的氣作為詮釋基準，使性、心、理等詮說都在氣的義理綱維下層層開展。他採取即氣論理的進路，並將理氣不二的本體論延伸為以氣質即義理的人性論，將理在氣中的理氣論延伸為心動顯性的工夫路數。心的本體義取消，成為流行變化的氣，這不僅使陽明學以心為主的實踐轉為以氣為主的取徑，原先「理在內不在外」的架構也被推展為「理在內也在外」的格局。表現在思想史上，其意義有三：第一，心、性在宗性思潮中二分的鴻溝，在心動顯性的工夫中重新活絡起來；第二，重合宗性思潮與重氣思維，在以心著性的工夫上具有創闢與承啟的意義；第三，他在王門中是較早提昇氣的地位並賦與其存有意義的學者，不僅在晚明王學發展上獨具轉折地位，對於明清重氣思維的推進亦具有不可抹煞的意義。

Jin-An Yang’s origin from northern branch of Wang Yangming theory in late Ming Dynasty. Based on the thinking of “Regain personality and get out of mind” in the Wang, Yang-ming School of Philosophy in late Ming Dynasty, he introduced “Qi”, a concept not included in the mainstream of the School of Mind, to be his standard for interpretation. What he make use of the method is from “Qi” to personality, and combine “Qi” and personality of ontology into temperament and righteou of humanity. This had turned the mind-oriented practice in the Wang, Yang-ming School of Philosophy into a Qi-oriented approach. The original structure of “personality is within, not outside” was also promoted to be the layout of “personality is both within and outside”. Shown in the history of thoughts, it has three meanings: First, the wide gap of dichotomy between mind and nature in the Thought of Nature Venerating was activated again under the skill of “Mindset reveals nature”; second, the Thought of Nature Venerating and the Thinking of Emphasis on Qi were combined, which had meanings of initiation and inheritance in the skill of “To indicate nature by mind”; third, in northern branch of Wang, Yang-ming theory, he was the scholar that promoted the status of Qi and endowed it with the meaning of existence much earlier. He not only was in the transitional status in the development of the Wang Yangming School of Philosophy in late Ming Dynasty, but also contributed a lot to the promotion of the Thinking of Emphasis on Qi in Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty.