黃庭堅「古文」的文體轉變——以「雜著」為中心之討論

The Transformation of Huang Ting-jian’s Prose Form (ancient literary style): A Discussion of the “Miscellaneous Writings (non-genre)”

黃庭堅古文雖傳承歐陽脩、蘇軾「文與道俱」的創作理念，重視儒道「忠信孝友」，講求心性涵養，並實踐於日用倫常間。不過其內容幾乎不涉及時政，而以文人生活意趣為主；就形式而言，其篇幅短小，不像正統古文講究文章佈置，而是開拓隨筆雜錄的「筆記體」、凝鍊工整的「格言體」，創造出一種「大言小語、韻致特超」的獨特風格，與蘇軾并稱「蘇黃小品」，可以說從高文大冊的「古文」走向小文小說的「小品」，其文體轉變具有文學史意義。

Huang Ting-jian’s prose writing inherits the concepts proposed by Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi that writing must contain purpose and meaning as well as promote Confucian ideals, such as loyalty, honor, familial obedience, and friendship. It demands one’s development of mind and character, and it must be practiced in daily life. The content of Huang’s prose, however, does not refer to any politics of his time, but rather to the pleasure of the life of an intellectual. Unlike conventional classical prose which demands a set formal arrangement of the composition, Huang’s form is short and adapts a synthesis of the “journal style” which is found in journals or notes and the “aphoristic style” which is succinct but neatly arranged. He thus creates a unique style by “conveying great ideas through simple words, and does so with unique grace and elegance.” Usually Su Shi and Huang Ting-jian’s writings are very similar; they were, in fact, called “Su Huang xiao-pin” (Su and Huang’s short essays). This transformation of form from authoritative classical writing to the simple, delicate short essay is a significant step forward in the history of Chinese literature.