杜甫〈秋興〉八首的現代性美學特徵

The Modernity of the Aesthetic Character in Du fu,s “Qiu Xing”

現代藝術的特徵之一，是利用拼貼與跳躍技法使之成為一種正式且深具意義的表現方式。本文主要透過現代藝術之拼貼技法的美學取向與效應，探討杜甫晚年七律成熟之作〈秋興〉八首在美學上的現代性特徵與詩藝突破。首先就「異類相組」的拼貼技法探究〈秋興〉組詩，在此一層面，杜詩的突破性主要是對藝術時空境界的空前開拓。接著，再就現代性藝術的模糊性與多義性觀視〈秋興〉組詩，在此一層面，杜詩的現代性表現在兩方面：一是透過拼貼結構呈現「外冷內熱」的情調風格，映現冷漠疏離的現代性特徵。二是運用特殊的形容詞與動詞使拼貼意象產生「勝景」與「衰景」模糊難辨的歧義性。整體而論，杜甫〈秋興〉八首以現代性的拼貼美學手法入詩，在意義縱橫跳躍中卻無現代藝術的支離破碎之感，反而因著深沉慷慨的情思，深深地震顫讀者的心靈，成就沉鬱頓挫的「悲愴」美學風格。

One character of the modern art is to use the technique of Collage and make it as a formal and meaningful style of expression. This paper try to explore the modernity of the aesthetic character and the technologic breakthrough in Du fu’s “Qiu Xing”, by the aesthetic effect of Collage. As a beginning, we observe eight poems of “Qiu Xing” by the charater of assembling the objects which is from different classification. From this point of view, the major categories of breakthrough in Du fu’s “Qiu Xing” is the expansion of the space-time dimension in the fields of art state. The following, while we turn to the vague figure and ambiguity of the modern art , two major advances have been made in “Qiu Xing” too. First, Du fu load “Qiu Xing” with a special style, which looks cool on the surface but warmth within the inside. Such style reflect the modernized character of indifference and estrangement. Second, Du fu use special verbs and adjectives to make the image of Collage incline to ambiguity, that is the difficulty to distinguish grand occasion from declining scene. On the whole, although “Qiu Xing” are fracture on their surface sentence structure, yet they are not incoherent in inner spirit. Obviously, for the enthusiastic feeling, “Qiu Xing” move the reader deeply, and complete an aesthetic style of distressful sorrow.