被遺忘的清談家——謝靈運形象新論

The Forgotten Literati of “Qing-Tan”: New Image of Xie Lingun

謝詩多雜玄義，儼然紙上清談，已為謝學通論。但謝靈運作為清談名士的才情風貌，卻猶未被加以揭示。本文爬櫛相關文獻，指出謝靈運傳承家風，博通百家之學，精讀內外典籍，並與僧俗談論不輟，實乃當時首屈一指的清談家，與諸道人辨宗所展現的學養即為具體之表現。《辨宗論》不僅是玄學課題「聖人是否可至」及「如何能至」在劉宋時期的激辯，更是一部「口談」加「筆談」的清談記錄，答辯間充分展露謝靈運的清談功力。此外，清談也為謝靈運帶來不少政治上的利益，酷嗜此道的武帝、文帝即因此對其賞遇有加，對他非毀執政、多愆禮度的行為多所容忍。本文從清談名士的角度，掌握謝靈運較不被注意的生平面貌，對其形象有新的揭示，於謝學研究應有實質之助益。

The poems of Xie Lingyun are of great philosophy, which are much like “Qing-Tan” on papers and are the general characteristics of the study of Xie Lingyun. However, as one of the literati of Qing-Tan, his brilliance and genius have never been disclosed. This paper reviews related literatures and indicates that Xie Lingyun inherited his family tradition, mastered all kinds of learning such as metaphysics and Buddhism, improved himself through discussions with famous Buddhist monks and scholars, and was the best literatus of Qing-Tan at that time. Xie Lingyun's brilliance could be concretely expressed by his discussions with his friends over Bian Zong. Bian Zong Lun not only was an issue of “Whether the Sage can be Learned” and “How to Learn from the Sage” in debate over metaphysics during Liu Sung Period, but also a record of “Kou-Tan” and “Bi-Tan” in Qing-Tan. Xie Lingyun's ability of Qing-Tan could totally be revealed through his replies to charges. Qing-Tan also brought a lot of political profits to Xie Lingyun. Since the Emperor Wu Di and Emperor Wen Di were obsessed with Qing-Tan and admired his talents in it, they tolerated his behavior that harmed his official fazhen. This study not only reveals the unknown image of Xie Lingyun but also comprehensively demonstrates his life story, which could be practically beneficial for probing the study of Xie.