「□□乃命」釋義及「重命制度」考辨

On the Explanation of shen jiu nai ming and to analyze and distinguish about Chong Ming Zhi Du

「□□乃命」是錫命銘文中習見的文句，學者多謂即「重成乃命」，其意為「重複舊命」、「繼續過去已加的冊命」，然細繹相關銘文，此一說法猶有可商。本文由探究「□□乃命」之意義出發，並將之置於錫命制度中討論，所考辨者凡以下數事：（一）、學者多謂「□（申）」當訓為「重複」之「重」，「□」訓為「成」。本文經由銘文與文獻的比對，認為「□」當訓為有「增益」之意的「重」，「□」雖訓為「成」，然亦有累增之意，「□□乃命」意為「增益舊命」。（二）、學者多謂西周錫命中尚有「重命制度」，即「重申前命再次加以冊命」，此說之主要根據即在於銘文有「□□乃命」。然「重命制度」之說對錫命制度之理解不但未起深化作用，反而造成認識上的混淆。今據「□□乃命」之意，知「重命制度」之說，殆未足信也。

This paper examines two issues. The first studies the explanation of shen jiu nai ming（□□乃命）which is frequently in the Xi Ming Ming Wen（錫命銘文，The inscriptions which recorded the conferring titles on nobility）. The meaning of shen jiu nai ming is to add reward to the nobilities according what they have been conferred . The second studies the Chong Ming Zhi Du（重命制度）according the meaning of shen jui nai ming . In this portion, I correct an erroneous in the academic circles .Althougt the Chong Ming Zhi Du is considered a type of Xi Ming Zhi Du（錫命制度，To confer titles on nobility）generally , in fact , this is an error to understand the Xi Ming Zhi Du in the Western Zhou .