論〈邦(國)風〉中「風」之本義

On the Original Meaning of “Feng（Wind 風） ”in Guorfeng-Style-Poetry（國風體詩）

《詩》三百之中，風體詩約估半數稍強，然而因為《詩序》特別強調風教道德之關係，致使朱熹進而以為其中多有「淫詩」之謂，而與孔子「思無邪」之說相去甚遠。逮〈詩論〉一出，由於該篇是目前所見最早之論詩專作，因而特別受到學界之重視。同時又因為戰國竹簡中，還存在多言詩歌、性情以及禮義間相互關係之資料，所以更是重新研究風教真諦之重要時機。由於重探「風教」的問題，必須同時兼顧「風」之本義，〈詩論〉評議〈邦風〉對於「風」之本義的承繼，以及從〈詩論〉到《詩序》「風教」思想等三階段之發展，因此宜分為三篇深入討論之，藉以達到重新確立「風教」之意義；而本文即為此系列探討的第一階段討論。本文於前言首先論述為文之動機與討論之範圍。其次，則進入全文之主題，結合傳世文獻以及出土資料，分別從以下兩方面討論「風」之本義：（一）風、鳳、玄鳥與生殖的關係；（二）再行細分三須標目，以討論從「牝牡相誘曰風」到「譌誘異性同類禽獸為謠」之發展。繼此之後，則分從以下兩方面論迹〈邦（國）風〉與歌謠之關係：（一）詩歌本於歌歌謠而發展；（二）邦（國）風反映社會生活的多種面向。最後，則提出多言男女風情為主的「風教」思想，應為「風」之本義的結論。

It was owing “Shishyuh (詩論)” excessively emphasized moral culture, then Ju Shi (朱熹) thought there were so many sexually passionate poetry in Guorfeng-Style-Poetry. Until “Confucius-Shilum (孔子詩論)” had been announced, which was specialized in poetry criticism, so there are many scholars pay much attention in this special theme. Truly it is the time to renew civilized intercourse in Guorfeng-Style-Poetry. This important study should be separated into three subjects to consider, such as.the original meaning of “Feng (wind)’, ‘the inheritance about general criticism in “Confucius-Shilum” from the original meaning of “Feng (wind)”in Guorfeng-Style-Poetry”., and .the development from “Confucius-Shilum” to “Shishyuh” . This article is the pioneer in all series discussion. This article concludes in four parts:
First, make a simple preface to express the motives, purpose and discussing sequence.
Second, base on that had been dug underground materials and some exist classics to examine the original meaning of “Feng (wind)”:
1. To discuss the relationship between wind, phoenix, special swallow and living creatures' multiplication.
2. Passing through three dimensions to express the development from. the seducement between male animal species contrasts the female’ to ‘the rumor between different sex of the same species..
Third, build up the relationship between Guorfeng-Style-Poetry and folk songs:
1. To discuss the poetry was developed from folk songs.
2. Guorfeng-Style-Poetry had reflected many social life dimensions about this age.
Fourth, make a conclusion: to communicate the romantic affection between male and female is the original meaning of “Feng (wind) in Guorfeng-Style-Poetry.