《莊子》的科技發展觀

The Development Of Scientific View And Technology In ''Chuang Tse''

（莊子）因為「殘樸以為器，工匠之罪也」、漢陰丈人「有機械者必有機事，有機事者必有機心」等論點，而常使人以為他否定科技發展，但這些觀點都來自於外、雜篇，內篇中反而是批評惠施拙於用大、有蓬之心，強調「乘物以遊心」。且漢陰丈人的故事，其實不是讚揚他，而是批評他受制於物，無法「乘物遊心」。顯然外、雜篇中否定器物發展的觀點並不合於內篇，且內篇的觀點大體上仍貫通到外、雜篇。本文將就此點深入討論，提出（莊子）一書，從批評惠施拙於用大、有蓬之心出發，發展而為反對機心，肯定器物發展，實有其一貫的立場。

'The cutting and hacking of the raw materials to form vessels was the crime of the skilful workman.'' (殘樸以為器，工匠之罪也) and ''Where there are ingenious contrivances, there are sure to be subtle doings; and that, where there are subtle doings, there is sure to be a scheming mind.''(有機械者必有機事，有機事者必有機心) are written in the book ''Chuang Tzu'', so many people think that rejecting to develop the science and technology is an impotant opinion in this book. I think this is a misunderstanding opinion for following reasons: (1) Chuang Tse criticized Hui Shi that ''If you are of no use at all, who will make trouble for you?'' (拙於用大) and ''Your mind, my master, would seem to have been closed against all intelligence.'' （有蓬之心） in the first chapter. On the other hand, the opinion, ''Let your mind find its enjoyment in the circumstances of your position.'' （乘物以遊心） , was proposed in chapter four. (2) The opinion, ''Where there are ingenious contrivances, there are sure to be subtle doings; and that, where there are subtle doings, there is sure to be a scheming mind.'', did not exalted the old man on the north of the Han (漢陰丈人) , moreover, he was criticized as ''The man makes a pretence of cultivating the arts of the Embryonic Age'. He knows the first thing, but not the sequel to it. He regulates what is internal in himself, but not what is external to himself.'' (彼假脩渾沌氏之術者也，識其一，不知其二；治其內，而不治其外。) in the story about the old man on the north of the Han. (3) It is a common opinion that the previous seven chapters were more important than other twenty-six chapters. ''The cutting and hacking of the raw materials to form vessels was the crime of the skilful workman.'' and ''Where there are ingenious contrivances, there are sure to be subtle doings; and that, where there are subtle doings, there is sure to be a scheming mind.'' was shown in chapter nine and twelve, respectively.